22.This slide shows the three-dimensional growth plots of selected piezophilic bacteria.The axes are growth rate (vertical axes), temperature and pressure.Some of these bacteria such as those from the deepest ocean trenches,cannot grow at atmospheric pressure.These are clearly high pressure extremophiles. 23.Here is a two-dimensional plot of the growth abilities of selected microbes as a function of temperature and pressure.The Archaea are from hydrothermal vents and most of the Bacteria are from cold,deep-sea environments. 24.Here is an image showing the isolation of bacterial colonies arising in a bulb containing growth medium solidified with gelatin.Colonies growing at high pressure inside the bulb are shown to the right.The colonies must be extracted following decompression under conditions that do not allow the cells to warm up to room temperature or to get exposed to ultraviolet light,conditions damaging to microbes from cold environments that are hypersensitive to ultraviolet light. 25.Electron micrographic image of cells isolated from a high pressure environment. 26.The search for new types of piezophiles continues.Here are cultures coming up from Peru-Chile Trench samples that arise at high pressure in response to gradients of certain chemicals. 27.Here is a growth plot of an unusual piezophile obtained from the Puerto Rico Trench that prefers to grow with very few nutrients being present. It grows very slowly and exclusively at high pressure. 28.What does pressure do?What is the basis of pressure effects and what does elevated pressure do to microbial cells? 29.Pressure exerts its effects through volume changes.You can see this by taking a Styrofoam cup down to the moderate depth of 1.2 km.As you can see the elevated pressure compressed the styofoam cup,forcing it to assume a smaller volume.Conversely,if this Styrofoam cup was a truly reversible system you could take it up to the top of the highest mountain where the pressure is less than at sea level.In this case the Styrofoam cup (if it was a reversible system)would expand in volume. 99 22. This slide shows the three-dimensional growth plots of selected piezophilic bacteria. The axes are growth rate (vertical axes), temperature and pressure. Some of these bacteria such as those from the deepest ocean trenches, cannot grow at atmospheric pressure. These are clearly high pressure extremophiles. 23.Here is a two-dimensional plot of the growth abilities of selected microbes as a function of temperature and pressure. The Archaea are from hydrothermal vents and most of the Bacteria are from cold, deep-sea environments. 24.Here is an image showing the isolation of bacterial colonies arising in a bulb containing growth medium solidified with gelatin. Colonies growing at high pressure inside the bulb are shown to the right. The colonies must be extracted following decompression under conditions that do not allow the cells to warm up to room temperature or to get exposed to ultraviolet light, conditions damaging to microbes from cold environments that are hypersensitive to ultraviolet light. 25.Electron micrographic image of cells isolated from a high pressure environment. 26.The search for new types of piezophiles continues. Here are cultures coming up from Peru-Chile Trench samples that arise at high pressure in response to gradients of certain chemicals. 27. Here is a growth plot of an unusual piezophile obtained from the Puerto Rico Trench that prefers to grow with very few nutrients being present. It grows very slowly and exclusively at high pressure. 28.What does pressure do? What is the basis of pressure effects and what does elevated pressure do to microbial cells? 29.Pressure exerts its effects through volume changes. You can see this by taking a Styrofoam cup down to the moderate depth of 1.2 km. As you can see the elevated pressure compressed the styofoam cup, forcing it to assume a smaller volume. Conversely, if this Styrofoam cup was a truly reversible system you could take it up to the top of the highest mountain where the pressure is less than at sea level. In this case the Styrofoam cup (if it was a reversible system) would expand in volume