24 Biscuit, cookie and cracker manufacturing manuals cannot be treated by the entoleter as the particle sizes would be eriously affected It is therefore important not to store these flour for long before use Flour silos should be insulated to reduce temperature fluctuations due to weather conditions. If the walls are allowed to cycle strongly in temperature, migration of moisture within the flour may cause lumping and adhesion to the silo walls Silos should be emptied completely before refilling occasionally they should be cleaned down to remove all traces of material that hangs in corners or in the top surfaces of the silo. If these are not cleared they will, in time, become hard, rancid and may be infested 4.2.6 Handling of flou Handling of flour requires attention to the health hazards which will affect both factory employees and customers who will eat biscuits made from it First, the health of factory employees is considered. Flour is dusty and it is not desirable to breathe in too much flour dust. Some people are allergic to flour dust and develop respiratory diseases. When handling flour, keep the amount of dust produced to a minimum and make sure it is contained. Mixtures of flour dust and air can, in rare circumstances, form explosive mixtures. A spark or flame in such an area will have disastrous results. Such dust mixtures will only occur if the flour handling area has not been kept clean, especially in terms of flour lodged on overhead beams or shelves, or within pneumatic handling equipment. It is essential that all pneumatic handling pipes, c. are well earthed (grounded) to eliminate the possibility of sparks arising from static electric discharges In case an explosion occurs within a silo, explosion relief doors are designed into the top of the silo. The doors will open and pr event damage to the silo itself. Fortunately such explosions are extremely Hazards can arise from unwanted inclusions in the flour. These may be, pieces of paper, string, hair, metal, etc Flour emptied from bags should be put through a sieve and particular care should be taken to place string and labels, released when the bags are opened, into special waste bins and not on the floor. Material on the floor can easily adhere to the bag surface and fall into the flour as the bag is tipped24 Biscuit, cookie and cracker manufacturing manuals cannot be treated by the entoleter as the particle sizes would be seriously affected. It is therefore important not to store these flours for long before use. Flour silos should be insulated to reduce temperature fluctuations due to weather conditions. If the walls are allowed to cycle strongly in temperature, migration of moisture within the flour may cause lumping and adhesion to the silo walls. Silos should be emptied completely before refilling and occasionally they should be cleaned down to remove all traces of material that hangs in corners or in the top surfaces of the silo. If these are not cleared they will, in time, become hard, rancid and may be infested. 4.2.6 Handling of flour Handling of flour requires attention to the health hazards which will affect both factory employees and customers who will eat biscuits made from it. First, the health of factory employees is considered. Flour is dusty and it is not desirable to breathe in too much flour dust. Some people are allergic to flour dust and develop respiratory diseases. When handling flour, keep the amount of dust produced to a minimum and make sure it is contained. Mixtures of flour dust and air can, in rare circumstances, form explosive mixtures. A spark or flame in such an area will have disastrous results. Such dust mixtures will only occur if the flour handling area has not been kept clean, especially in terms of flour lodged on overhead beams or shelves, or within pneumatic handling equipment. It is essential that all pneumatic handling pipes, etc. are well earthed (grounded) to eliminate the possibility of sparks arising from static electric discharges. In case an explosion occurs within a silo, explosion relief doors are designed into the top of the silo. The doors will open and prevent damage to the silo itself. Fortunately such explosions are extremely rare. Hazards can arise from unwanted inclusions in the flour. These may be, pieces of paper, string, hair, metal, etc. Flour emptied from bags should be put through a sieve and particular care should be taken to place string and labels, released when the bags are opened, into special waste bins and not on the floor. Material on the floor can easily adhere to the bag surface and fall into the flour as the bag is tipped