What are landmarks Time-frequency regions of high mutual information between phone and signal (maxima of i(phone label; acoustics(t,f)) Acoustic events with similar importance in all languages, and across all speaking styles Acoustic events that can be detected even in extremely noisy environments Where do these things happen? Syllable onset consonant release Syllable nucleus Vowel Center Syllable coda a consonant closure I(phone; acoustics)experiment: Hasegawa-Johnson, 2000What are Landmarks? • Time-frequency regions of high mutual information between phone and signal (maxima of I(phone label; acoustics(t,f)) ) • Acoustic events with similar importance in all languages, and across all speaking styles • Acoustic events that can be detected even in extremely noisy environments • Syllable Onset ≈ Consonant Release • Syllable Nucleus ≈ Vowel Center • Syllable Coda ≈ Consonant Closure Where do these things happen? I(phone;acoustics) experiment: Hasegawa-Johnson, 2000