D.nutritional deficiencies 11.All the following statements are correct EXCEPTC A.Exposure to teratogens during the period from fertilization to implantation generally results in prenatal death. B.Exposure to teratogens during the period of organogenesis typically results in major morphologic abnormalities. C.Exposure to teratogens during the fetal period typically results in life-threatening morphologic abnormalities. D.Exposure to teratogens during the fetal period typically results in physiologic defects. 三、简答题 1.简述发育毒作用表现？ 答案要点：发育生物体死亡、生长改变、结构异常和功能缺陷 2.简述发育各阶段毒作用的特点。 答案要点：从着床前期、器官形成期、胎儿期、围生期和出生后的发育期来叙述。 3.如何确定人类发育毒物？ 答案要点：哺乳动物发育毒性试验、人群流行病学调查和发育毒性替代试验。 4.常用的发育毒性替代试验有哪些？ 答案要点：大鼠全胚胎培养、胚胎细胞微团培养、小鼠胚胎干细胞试验等。 四、论述题 试述毒物引起生殖与发育毒性的主要机制。 答案要点：从父体和母体、胎盘、胎儿等环节来叙述发育毒性的细胞机制和分子 机制。D. nutritional deficiencies. 11. All the following statements are correct EXCEPT C A. Exposure to teratogens during the period from fertilization to implantation generally results in prenatal death. B. Exposure to teratogens during the period of organogenesis typically results in major morphologic abnormalities. C. Exposure to teratogens during the fetal period typically results in life-threatening morphologic abnormalities. D. Exposure to teratogens during the fetal period typically results in physiologic defects. 三、简答题 1. 简述发育毒作用表现？ 答案要点：发育生物体死亡、生长改变、结构异常和功能缺陷 2. 简述发育各阶段毒作用的特点。 答案要点：从着床前期、器官形成期、胎儿期、围生期和出生后的发育期来叙述。 3. 如何确定人类发育毒物？ 答案要点：哺乳动物发育毒性试验、人群流行病学调查和发育毒性替代试验。 4. 常用的发育毒性替代试验有哪些？ 答案要点：大鼠全胚胎培养、胚胎细胞微团培养、小鼠胚胎干细胞试验等。 四、论述题 试述毒物引起生殖与发育毒性的主要机制。 答案要点：从父体和母体、胎盘、胎儿等环节来叙述发育毒性的细胞机制和分子 机制