PART‖ SELECTED CURRENT ISSUES IN THE FOREST SECTOR Forests and poverty alleviation Definition of terms Opportunities and obstacles in forest-based poverty alleviation Enabling conditions and strategies 127 ummary and conclusion Sustainable use and management of freshwater resources the role of forests Forests,atmospheric water and wateryield Forests, floods and debris flows Forests and sedimentation Forests and water quality Watersheds: recognizing upstream-downstream linkages Conclusions and recommendations How sustainable use of forests can contribute to conserving biological diversity Some key concepts in biological diversity conservation in relation to forests Critical issues in conserving forest biological diversity Interface between biological diversity and sustainable forest Criteria and indicators for conservation of biological diversity Science and technology in the forest sector: widening gaps and narrowing options 96 Changing forest sector priorities Widening gaps Narrowing options Concluding observations Recent trends in fiscal policies in the forest sector in Africa 108 New fiscal arrangements 112 Recommendations for improving fiscal policies 118 Broader implications for financing of sustainable forest management 119 ANNEXES Annex 1: Acronyms Annex 2: Data tables 126vi _______________________________ II PART______________________________ SECTOR FOREST THE IN ISSUES CURRENT SELECTED 61 alleviation poverty and Forests 61 terms of Definition 62 alleviation poverty based-forest in obstacles and Opportunities 67 strategies and conditions Enabling 70 conclusion and Summary :resources freshwater of management and use Sustainable 74 forests of role the 75 yield water and water atmospheric, Forests 76 flows debris and floods, Forests 78 sedimentation and Forests 79 quality water and Forests 79 linkages downstream–upstream recognizing: Watersheds 81 recommendations and Conclusions conserving to contribute can forests of use sustainable How 86 diversity biological relation in conservation diversity biological in concepts key Some 86 forests to 88 diversity biological forest conserving in issues Critical forest sustainable and diversity biological between Interface 90 management 93 diversity biological of conservation for indicators and Criteria 94 Conclusions and gaps widening: sector forest the in technology and Science 96 options narrowing 96 priorities sector forest Changing 97 gaps Widening 101 options Narrowing 106 observations Concluding 108 Africa in sector forest the in policies fiscal in trends Recent 108 forestry on expenditure Public 112 arrangements fiscal New 118 policies fiscal improving for Recommendations 119 management forest sustainable of financing for implications Broader ANNEXES 122 Acronyms: 1 Annex 126 tables Data: 2 Annex