given location of the center of gravity, the initial stability of the ship is proportional to B/. Beam therefore, is a primary factor in transeverse stability At large angles of heel(transeverse inclination ) freeboard is also an important factor Freeboard is the amount the ship projects above the waterline of the ship to certain specified decks(in this case,to the weatherdeck to which the watertight sides extend ) Freeboard affects both the size of the maximum righting arm and the range of the stability, that is the angle of inclination at which the ship would capsize if it were inclined beyond that angle Depth A ship at sea is subjected to many forces because of the action of the waves, the motion of the ship, and the cargo and other weights, which are distributed throughout the length of the ship These forces produces stresses in the structure, and the structure must be of suitable strength to withstand the action. The determination of the minimum amount of material required for adequate strength is essential to attaining the minimum weight of the hull. The types of structural stress experienced by a ship riding waves at sea are caused by the unequal distribution of the weight and buoyancy throughout the length of ship. The structure as a whole bends in a longitudinal plane with the maximum bending stresses being found in the bottom and top of the hull girder Therefore, depth is important because as it is increased, less material is required in the deck and bottom shell. However, there are limits which control the maximum depth in terms of practica arrangement and effici From "McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of science and Technology", Vol 12, 1982) Technical Terms 1.form船型,形状,格式 20. measurement(吨位)丈量,测量 2. proportion尺度比,比例 21.tial试航,试验 3. workmanship工艺质量 22. distance of travel航行距离 4. basic fundamentals基本原理 23. refueling添加燃料 5. marine engineering轮机工程 24. consumption消耗 6. Intensive精致的 25. initial cost造价 7. propulsion plants推进装置 26. cost of operation营运成本 8. naval ship军舰 27 unloading facility卸货设备 9. special- purpose ship特殊用途船 8 cross sectional area横剖面面积 10. buoyancy浮力 29. fineness纤瘦度 11. fittings配/附件 30. prismatic coefficient菱形系数 管路 31 slender瘦长(型) 13 通风 32beam船宽 14. cargo- handing equipment货物装卸装33 inclined倾斜的 34 external force外力 15. crew and effects船员及自身物品 35 urface ship水面船舶 16. stores储臧物 36. submarine潜水艇 17. fresh water淡水 37 submerged condition潜水状态 18. feed water给水 38 initial stability初稳性 19. boiler锅炉 39 weather deck楼天甲板given location of the center of gravity, the initial stability of the ship is proportional to B2 /T. Beam, therefore, is a primary factor in transeverse stability. At large angles of heel (transeverse inclination ) freeboard is also an important factor. Freeboard is the amount the ship projects above the waterline of the ship to certain specified decks (in this case, to the weatherdeck to which the watertight sides extend ). Freeboard affects both the size of the maximum righting arm and the range of the stability, that is the angle of inclination at which the ship would capsize if it were inclined beyond that angle.5 Depth an strength A ship at sea is subjected to many forces because of the action of the waves, the motion of the ship, and the cargo and other weights, which are distributed throughout the length of the ship. These forces produces stresses in the structure, and the structure must be of suitable strength to withstand the action. The determination of the minimum amount of material required for adequate strength is essential to attaining the minimum weight of the hull. The types of structural stress experienced by a ship riding waves at sea are caused by the unequal distribution of the weight and buoyancy throughout the length of ship. The structure as a whole bends in a longitudinal plane, with the maximum bending stresses being found in the bottom and top of the hull girder. Therefore, depth is important because as it is increased, less material is required in the deck and bottom shell. However, there are limits which control the maximum depth in terms of practical arrangement and efficiency of design. (From “McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of science and Technology”, Vol.12, 1982) Technical Terms 1. form 船型，形状，格式 2. proportion 尺度比，比例 3. workmanship 工艺质量 4. basic fundamentals 基本原理 5. marine engineering 轮机工程 6. intensive 精致的 7. propulsion plants 推进装置 8. naval ship 军舰 9. special-purpose ship 特殊用途船 10. buoyancy 浮力 11. fittings 配/附件 12. piping 管路 13. ventilation 通风 14. cargo-handing equipment 货物装卸装 置 15. crew and effects 船员及自身物品 16. stores 储藏物 17. fresh water 淡水 18. feed water 给水 19. boiler 锅炉 20. measurement (吨位)丈量，测量 21. trial 试航，试验 22. distance of travel 航行距离 23. refueling 添加燃料 24. consumption 消耗 25. initial cost 造价 26. cost of operation 营运成本 27. unloading facility 卸货设备 28. cross sectional area 横剖面面积 29. fineness 纤瘦度 30. prismatic coefficient 菱形系数 31.slender 瘦长（型） 32.beam 船宽 33.inclined 倾斜的 34.external force 外力 35.surface ship 水面船舶 36.submarine 潜水艇 37. submerged condition 潜水状态 38.initial stability 初稳性 39.weather deck 楼天甲板