Z-M. Huang / Computers and Structures 80(2002)1177-1199 Table 4 Properties of graphite T300 and bSL914C epoxy UD lamina Provided Predicted Provided Used Provided Used Ex(gPa 0.35 (ar)2(MPa (aY)3(MPa (OY)(MPa (aY)s(MP EEEEEE TTTTTT PPPPPPPP 1500 00 14994 l16.8 MPa)d aT(MPa GS(MP 81.2 1087 ElL.c (%)c 0.652 0.245 0.641 2c(%)° 1.818 212(%y 4.578 x1(×10-6/C) 0.06 -0.7 -0.7 554 02(MPa产 000 -7499 11243 Fiber volume fraction: Vr=0.60: stress-free temperature: 120C; working temperature: 25C: bridging parameters used: B=0.45 and a assumed to be the same in both tension and compression b Longitudinal tension ransverse tension Transverse compression. s Not for use in subsequent predictions. Predicted thermal residual stress, from stress-free temperature to working temperature constituents are retrieved from the ultimate strengths of(-570)MPa, a transverse tension of 35 MPa, a trans- the Ud laminae. The retrieval is accomplished by ap- plying the ultimate uniaxial loads to the respective Ud shearing of 72 MPa to the E-Glass 21 x K43 Gevetex lamina. The resulting largest and smallest maximum and and ly556/Ht907/DY063 epoxy Ud lamina with a fiber minimum stresses in the fiber and matrix materials are volume fraction of 0.62(see table 1), the calculated defined as their respective tensile and compressive maximum or minimum stresses in the fiber and matrix trengths. For example, when applying a longitudinal materials are: omax= 1804. 1 MPa and om.=56.5 MPa tension of 1140 MPa, a longitudinal compression of(corresponding to the longitudina ension). 0constituents are retrieved from the ultimate strengths of the UD laminae. The retrieval is accomplished by ap￾plying the ultimate uniaxial loads to the respective UD lamina. The resulting largest and smallest maximum and minimum stresses in the fiber and matrix materials are defined as their respective tensile and compressive strengths. For example, when applying a longitudinal tension of 1140 MPa, a longitudinal compression of (570) MPa, a transverse tension of 35 MPa, a trans￾verse compression of (114) MPa, and an in-plane shearing of 72 MPa to the E-Glass 21  K43 Gevetex and LY556/HT907/DY063 epoxy UD lamina with a fiber volume fraction of 0.62 (see Table 1), the calculated maximum or minimum stresses in the fiber and matrix materials are: rf max ¼ 1804:1MPa and rm max ¼ 56:5 MPa (corresponding to the longitudinal tension), rf min ¼ Table 4 Properties of graphite T300 and BSL914C epoxy UD lamina Properties Lamina Fiber Resin Provided Predicted Provided Used Provided Used E11 (GPa) 138 139.6 230 230 4.0 4.0 E22 (GPa) 11 9.09 15 15 4.0 4.0 G12 (Gpa) 5.5 5.04 15 15 1.481 1.481 m12 0.28 0.26 0.2 0.2 0.35 0.35 ðrYÞ1 (MPa)a – – – – – 41 .6 ðrYÞ2 (MPa)a – – – –– 49.6 ðrYÞ3 (MPa)a – – – –– 55.8 ðrYÞ4 (MPa)a – – – –– 59.9 ðrYÞ5 (MPa)a – – – –– 63.1 ðrYÞ6 (MPa)a – – – –– 66.3 ðrYÞ7 (MPa)a – – – –– 68.9 ðrYÞ8 (MPa)a – – – – – 71 .4 ðETÞ1 (MPa)a – – – – – 201 5 ðETÞ2 (MPa)a – – – – – 1 384 ðETÞ3 (MPa)a – – – – – 769 ðETÞ4 (MPa)a – – – – – 548 ðETÞ5 (MPa)a – – – – – 457 ðETÞ6 (MPa)a – – – – – 324 ðETÞ7 (MPa)a – – – – – 275 rL u (MPa)b 1500 1500 2500 2462.5 75 56.4 rL u;c (MPa)c 900 900 2000 1499.4 150 116.8 rT u (MPa)d 27 55.8 – – – – rT u;c (MPa)e 200 200 – – – – rS u (MPa)f 80 81.2 – – 70 – e11 (%)b 1.087 1.073 – – 4 5.4139g e11;c (%)c 0.652 0.645 – – – – e22 (%)d 0.245 0.641– – – – e22;c (%)e 1.818 6.891 – – – – 2e12 (%)f 4 4.578 – – – – a1ð106/C) 1 0.06 0.7 0.7 55 55 a2ð106/C) 26 29.6 12 12 55 55 r11 (MPa)h –0– 16.59g – 24.89g r22 (MPa)h –0– 7.49g – 11.24g r12 (MPa)h – 0 – 0– 0 Fiber volume fraction: Vf ¼ 0:60; stress-free temperature: 120 C; working temperature: 25 C; bridging parameters used: b ¼ 0:45 and a ¼ 0:35. a Assumed to be the same in both tension and compression. bLongitudinal tension. c Longitudinal compression. dTransverse tension. e Transverse compression. f In-plane shearing. g Not for use in subsequent predictions. h Predicted thermal residual stress, from stress-free temperature to working temperature. 1184 Z.-M. Huang / Computers andStructures 80 (2002) 1177–1199