(c)Describe in detail a procedure, with supporting equations, to do each of the following (i) Calculate the enthalpy of fusion of a metal from melting point lowering data(liquids line on a binary T-X phase diagram) (ii) Calculate the activity of component B from the measured equilibrium partial pressure of con ent A over A-b mixtures Question No 4 he high-temperature electrical conductivity of the mixed conducting compound MX are required Describe an experimental program to establish the electrical conductivity behavior of MX. Offer tentative (or alternative) interpretations for your proposed experiments involving some point defect model Question No 5 Discuss the electrochemical theory for metallic corrosion as proposed by Wagner and Traud Illustrate your answer with schematic current-voltage curves for the partial anodic and cathodic processes. Your answer should include a discussion of the relationship between the corrosion potential and the equilibrium and kinetic properties of the individual reactions Question No 6 (a) Describe the characteristics and functions of fluxes and slag used in metal refining (b) Present a rational definition of the "basicity"of slags in terms of relative oxide ion activity and illustrate its use in connection with predicting the desulphurizing potential of a particular (c)Sketch, in detail, the saturation boundaries of Fe-Al-O melts (1600 C). Show clearly the molten oxide, hercynite, and alumina lines and all interesting features of these boundaries Explain how the features are determined by the magnitude of the solute interaction(Al-O)in (d)During the reduction of a solid metal oxide in hydrogen(or carbon monoxide) what kinetic factors determine whether the reduction will proceed in a topochemical or diffuse manner? Under what circumstances is the reduced metal likely to form with a filamentary morphology Calculate the potentials of the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode at pH=7. 1, and 14 The standard reduction potential for the oxygen electrode is +0. 401 volts for the reaction occurring in aqueous alkaline solutions. (All pertinent reactions and relationships must be included (a)Using completely classical ideas, derive Ohms law and an expression for the electrical conductivity in terms of electronic parameters such as electronic charge, mass, etc (b) Repeat the derivation in(a), but now use the concept of a Fermi distribution as in a simple quantum approach. Compare the results of (a)and(b) (c) Assume that different electron scattering mechanisms act independently, so that the scattering probabilities are additive. Also, define a mean time between two successive scattering events(c) Describe in detail a procedure, with supporting equations, to do each of the following: (i) Calculate the enthalpy of fusion of a metal from melting point lowering data (liquids line on a binary T-X phase diagram) (ii) Calculate the activity of component B from the measured equilibrium partial pressure of component A over A-B mixtures. Question No. 4 The high-temperature electrical conductivity of the mixed conducting compound MX are required. Describe an experimental program to establish the electrical conductivity behavior of MX. Offer tentative (or alternative) interpretations for your proposed experiments involving some point defect model. Question No. 5 Discuss the electrochemical theory for metallic corrosion as proposed by Wagner and Traud. Illustrate your answer with schematic current-voltage curves for the partial anodic and cathodic processes. Your answer should include a discussion of the relationship between the corrosion potential and the equilibrium and kinetic properties of the individual reactions. Question No. 6 (a) Describe the characteristics and functions of fluxes and slag used in metal refining. (b) Present a rational definition of the “basicity” of slags in terms of relative oxide ion activity and illustrate its use in connection with predicting the desulphurizing potential of a particular slag. (c) Sketch, in detail, the saturation boundaries of Fe-Al-O melts (~1600 C). Show clearly the molten oxide, hercynite, and alumina lines and all interesting features of these boundaries. Explain how the features are determined by the magnitude of the solute interaction (Al-O) in iron. (d) During the reduction of a solid metal oxide in hydrogen (or carbon monoxide) what kinetic factors determine whether the reduction will proceed in a topochemical or diffuse manner? Under what circumstances is the reduced metal likely to form with a filamentary morphology? Question No. 7 Calculate the potentials of the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode at pH=7.1, and 14. The standard reduction potential for the oxygen electrode is +0.401 volts for the reaction occurring in aqueous alkaline solutions. (All pertinent reactions and relationships must be included.) Question No. 8 (a) Using completely classical ideas, derive Ohm’s law and an expression for the electrical conductivity in terms of electronic parameters such as electronic charge, mass, etc. (b) Repeat the derivation in (a), but now use the concept of a Fermi distribution as in a simple quantum approach. Compare the results of (a) and (b). (c) Assume that different electron scattering mechanisms act independently, so that the scattering probabilities are additive. Also, define a mean time between two successive scattering events