P.Xu et aL Energy Policy 39(2011)7389-7398 7397 make the investment environment and project financial status Flanagan.C.2005.An investigation into the performance measurement practices better.(3)Develop new technologies and energy efficiency of Irish hotel groups.Unpublished M.Sc.Thesis.Dublin Institute of Technology Dublin. products.This item could make more advanced technologies Fu.C.F.1999.Energy performance contracting needs more powerful driving and products available and affordable.Above result has shown Energy of China 1999(8).31-32. that available technology has a high priority in the CSFs ranking. Gordon.C.M..1994.Choosing appropriate construction contracting method (4)Establish credit system.Most ESCOs and hotel clients are Journal of Construction and Engineering Management 120(1).196-210. Gorgolewski,M..1995.Optimizing renovation strategies for energy conservation lacking credit history in building retrofit project(Xu and Chan, in housing.Building and Environment 30(4).583-589. 2011).A credit system of ESCOs and clients should be established Guide to EPC,2000.Guider to Energy Performance Contracting:Measurement and through accreditation of qualification by a third party.This Verification of Energy Saving in Energy Performance Contracting.State of Hawaii,Department of Business. could promote project contractors and clients to trust each other. Haktanir,M.,Harris,P.,2005.Performance measurement practice in an indepen- (5)Standard contract procedure and M&V protocol.A standard dent hotel context:a case study approach.International Journal of Contem- contract procedure could share risk,task,and profit reasonably.A porary Hospitality Management 17 (1).39-50. M&V protocol agreed by clients and contractors could make M&V Han.Q.M.,Liu,C.B..Sun,J.Y..2006.Research on commercial patterns of China existing building energy retrofit based on energy management contract.In: more accurate.These would reduce disputes and make coordina- Proceedings of the International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations tion easier during the project process. (ICEBO).Shenzhen,China. It should be remembered that the CSFs in this study were Hansen.S.,2003.Performance contracting models and risk management.Pre sentation at the Workshop Developing the Business of Energy Efficiency identified within the context of hotel buildings in China.The CSFs Performance Contracting organized by Ibmec and INEE,Rio de Janeiro. cannot therefore simply be applied to other types of building. Hui.S.C.M..2002.Opportunities and challenges of energy performance contracting However,the research approach and analytical framework could to improve existing buildings in Hong Kong.In:Proceedings of the Joint be applied to investigate other building types.Further research Symposium 2002:Achieving Sustainable Performance in Built Environment, 19 November 2002.Shangri-la Hotel Kowloon Hong Kong HKle Bs Division/ could be conducted to investigate the performance of sustainable CIBSE/ASHRAE/PolyU. BEER and the relationship between the identified CSFs and Hong,S.H.,Oreszczyn,T.Ridley,I.the warm front study group,2006.The impact sustainable BEER performance. of energy efficient refurbishment on the space heating fuel consumption in English dwellings.Energy and Buildings 38(10).1171-1181. IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies).2000 Improving coordination.Disaster Preparedness Training Programme.<www. Acknowledgment ifrc.org/Global/Impcoor.pdf> Jiang.Y.Yang X..2006.China building energy consumption situation and the problems existing in the energy conservation works.China Construction 2,12-17. This paper is supported by research fund provided by the Johnson.D.E..1998.Applied Multivariate Methods for Data Analysts.Duxbury. Hong Kong Polytechnic University.The authors are thankful to all Belmont,Calif. Kellen,V.2003.Business Performance Measurement:At the Crossroads of those who contribute in the interviews and questionnaire survey. Strategy.Decision-Making.Learning and Information Visualisation.Faculty. E-Commerce DePaul University.Chicago,IL.US. Liang.J..Li,B.Z..Wu.Y..Yao.R.M.,2007.An investigation of the existing situation References and trends in building energy efficiency management in China.Energy and Buildings39(2007).1098-1106. Papadopoulos,A.M.,Theodosiou,Th.G..Karatzas,K.D.,2002.Feasibility of energy Alliance to Save Energy.2006.Improving Energy Performance in Low-Income Housing.<http://www.efficientwindows.org/> saving renovation measures in urban buildings:the impact of energy prices Bartholomew.D.J..Knott.M..1999.Latent Variable Models and Factor Analysis. and acceptable payback time criterion.Energy and Buildings 34(5).455-466 Poole,A.D.and Stoner,T.H.2003.Alternative financing models for energy Oxford University Press.London. Belassi Tukel,1996.A new framework for determining critical success-failure efficiency performance contracting.Sponsored by the USAID Brazilian Clean factors in projects.International Journal of Project Management 14 (3) and Efficient Energy. 141-151. Sanvido.V.E.,Riggs,LS.,1991.Managing Retrofit Projects.A final report submitted Bertoldi,P..Rezessi.S.,2005.Energy Service Companies in Europe Status Report to the Construction Industry Institute,Department of Civil Engineering University of Texas at Austin,Technical report no.25. 2005.EUR21646EN. Chan.A.P.C..Chan.D.W.M..Fan,LC.N..Lam,P.T.L..Yeung.J.F.Y..2008.Achieving Shanghai Construction and Transportation Commission,2008.Evaluation Stan- partnering success through an incentive agreement:lessons learned from an dard of Energy Efficiency for Existing Building.DG/TJ 08-2036-2008. Shen,LH.,2007.Promoting EPC Mechanism and Strengthening Energy Conserva- underground railway extension project in Hong Kong Journal of Management in Engineering 24(3). tion Cooperation in Northeast Asia.National Development and Reform Chan.EH.W..Yu.A,2005.Contract strategy for design management in design and Commission Energy Research Institute China. build projects.International Journal of Project Management 23(8).630-639 Taylor.R.P..2009.Achieving sustainability in world bank energy efficiency Chan.E.H.,Suen,H..2005.Dispute resolution management for international projects:lessons leamed developing ESCOs in China.Strategic planning for construction projects in China.Journal of Management Decision 43 (2) 589-602. Chan,E.H.W..Qian.Q.K..Lam,P.T.I.,2009.The market for green building in Energy Efficiency:Lessons from Brazil.The World Bank,China.India,and developed Asian cities-the perspectives of building designers.Energy Policy Bevond 37(8).3061-3070. THUBERC,2007.2007 Annual Report on China Building Energy Efficiency.China Chan.A.P.C..Scott,D..Chan.AP.L.2004.Factors affecting the success of a Building Press.Beijing.China. construction project.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management Wang.S.M.,2008.Development and problems of energy performance contracting 130(1). in China.Energy of China 30(2).21-23 47. Chen.W.T..Chen.T.T..2007.Critical success factors for construction partnering in WCED (World Commission on Environment Development).1987.Our Common Taiwan.International Journal of Project Management 25 (2007).475-484. Future.Oxford University Press.Oxford. Cheng.E.W.L..Li.H..2002.Construction partnering process and associated critical Xie,ZH..2008.Energy performance contracting in Shaihai:current status, success factors:quantitative investigation.Journal of Management in Engi- barriers,and forward development.Shanghai Energy Conservation 2008(6) neering18f4】 13-1416. Chua.D.K.H..Kog.Y.C.Loh.P.K..1999.Critical success factor for different project Xu.P.P..Chan HW.,2010.Towards Low Carbon Building:Sustainable Building objectives.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 125 (3). Energy Efficiency Retrofit(BEER)under Energy Performance Contracting(EPC) 142-150. Mechanism,in:Proceedings of First International Conference on Sustainable Davies,H.A.Chan,E.K.S.,2001.Experience of energy performance contracting in ICSU 2010).15-17 December,2010.Hong Kong.China Hong Kong.Facilities 19.261-268. Xu,P.P..Chan,H.W.,2011."Barriers to Implementation of Energy Performance Deng.S.M..Burnett.J..2000.A study of energy performance of hotel buildings in Contracting (EPC)Mechanism"MISBE2011.In:Proceedings of the Interna- Hong Kong.Energy and Buildings 31 (2000)7-12. tional Conference on Management and Innovation for a Sustainable Built Diekmann.J.E.Girard.M.J..1995.Are contract disputes predictable?Journal of Environment,20-23 June 2011.Amsterdam,Netherland. Construction and Engineering Management 121 (4).355-363. Xue,Z.F..2007.Energy Saving in Public Buildings.China Construction Industry Dimitrios,L 2009.Analysis of project success criteria and success factors:How to Publishing Company,Beijing. maximise success in your projects using meaningful criteria and factors. Yang.ZY.,Zhao.J.F.Wang.S.B..2004.Development and problems to be solved of Version 4.Knol.2009 July 8.Available from:<http://knol.google.com/k/ energy management contract in China.Power Demanded Side Management 6 dimitrios-litsikakis/analysis-of-project-success-criteria/3ib8exvrc87n4/4> (6).10-12.make the investment environment and project financial status better. (3) Develop new technologies and energy efficiency products. This item could make more advanced technologies and products available and affordable. Above result has shown that available technology has a high priority in the CSFs ranking. (4) Establish credit system. Most ESCOs and hotel clients are lacking credit history in building retrofit project (Xu and Chan, 2011). A credit system of ESCOs and clients should be established through accreditation of qualification by a third party. This could promote project contractors and clients to trust each other. (5) Standard contract procedure and M&V protocol. A standard contract procedure could share risk, task, and profit reasonably. A M&V protocol agreed by clients and contractors could make M&V more accurate. These would reduce disputes and make coordina￾tion easier during the project process. It should be remembered that the CSFs in this study were identified within the context of hotel buildings in China. The CSFs cannot therefore simply be applied to other types of building. However, the research approach and analytical framework could be applied to investigate other building types. Further research could be conducted to investigate the performance of sustainable BEER and the relationship between the identified CSFs and sustainable BEER performance. Acknowledgment This paper is supported by research fund provided by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The authors are thankful to all those who contribute in the interviews and questionnaire survey. References Alliance to Save Energy, 2006. Improving Energy Performance in Low-Income Housing, /http://www.efficientwindows.org/S. Bartholomew, D.J., Knott, M., 1999. Latent Variable Models and Factor Analysis. Oxford University Press, London. Belassi & Tukel, 1996. A new framework for determining critical success-failure factors in projects. International Journal of Project Management 14 (3), 141–151. Bertoldi, P., Rezessi, S., 2005. Energy Service Companies in Europe Status Report 2005, EUR 21646EN. Chan, A.P.C., Chan, D.W.M., Fan, L.C.N., Lam, P.T.I., Yeung, J.F.Y., 2008. 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