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Am J Hum Genet, 2002, 70: 635~651 19 Kivisild T, Tolk H, Parik J, et al . The emerging limbs and twigs of the east Asian mtDNA tree. Mol Biol Evol, 2002, 19: 1737~1751 20 Yao Y G, Kong Q P, Man X Y, et al. Reconstructing the evolutionary history of China: a caveat about inferences drawn from ancient DNA. Mol Biol Evol, 2003, 20(2): 214~219 21 Yao Y G, Zhang Y P. Phylogeographic analysis of mtDNA variation in four ethnic populations from Yunnan Province: new data and a reappraisal. J Hum Genet, 2002, 47: 311~318 22 Richards M, Macaulay V, Hickey E, et al. Tracing european founder lineages in the near Eastern mtDNA pool. Am J Hum Genet, 2000, 67: 1251~1276 23 Anderson S, Bankier A T, Barrell B G, et al. Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. Nature, 1981, 290: 457~465 24 Yao Y G, Watkins W S, Zhang Y P. Evolutionary history of the mtDNA 9-bp deletion in Chinese populations and its relevance to the Peopling of East and Southeast Asia. Hum Genet, 2000, 107: 504~512 25 Yao Y G, Lü X M, Luo H R, et al. Gene admixture in the silk road of China—— evidence from mtDNA and melanocortin 1 receptor polymorphism. Genes Genet Syst, 2000, 75: 173~178 26 Comas D, Calafell F, Mateu E, et al. Trading genes along the Silk Road: mtDNA sequences and the origin of Central Asian populations. Am J Hum Genet, 1998, 63: 1824~1838 27 Kolman C, Sambuughin N, Bermingham E. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Mongolian populations and implications for the origin of new world founders. Genetics, 1996, 142: 1321~1334 28 Schurr T G, Sukernik R I, Starikovskaya Y B, et al. Mitochondrial DNA variation in Koryaks and Itel'men: population replacement in the Okhotsk Sea-Bering Sea region during the Neolithic. Am J Phys Anthropol, 1999, 108: 1~39 29 Derbeneva O A, Starikovskaya E B, Wallace D C, et al. Traces of early Eurasians in the Mansi of northwest Siberia revealed by mitochondrial DNA analysis. Am J Hum Genet, 2002, 70: 1009~1014 30 Oota H, Settheetham-Ishida W, Tiwawech D, et al. Human mtDNA and Y-chromosome variation is correlated with matrilocal versus patrilocal residence. Nat Genet, 2001, 29: 20~21 31 Lee S D, Lee Y S, Lee J B. Polymorphism in the mitochondrial cytochrome B gene in Koreans: an additional marker for individual identification. Int J Legal Med, 2002, 116: 74~78 32 Silva Jr W A, Bonatto S L, Holanda A J, et al. Mitochondrial genome diversity of Native Americans supports a single early entry of founder populations into America. Am J Hum Genet, 2002, 71: 187~192 33 Clisson I, Keyser C, Francfort H P, et al. Genetic analysis of human remains from a double inhumation in a frozen kurgan in Kazakhstan (Berel site, Early 3rd Century BC). Int J Legal Med, 2002, 116: 304~308 34 Ovchinnikov I, Buzhilova A, Mednikova M, et al. Ethnic affinities of the ancient human Jety-Asar population by mitochondrial DNA analysis. 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