2.Background Information (1)A Brief Introduction of Nicolas Copernicus Born on Feb.19.1473,in Thorn (Torun).Poland,Copernicus is said to be the founder of modern astronomy.The son of a prosperous merchant,he was raised after his father's death by a maternal uncle.At the age of nineteen,he was sent to the y of Krakow to study ma matics,.optics(光学)and 1 canon基督教教规 law in Italy.This experience stimulated young Copernicus to study further liberal arts at Bologna (1496-1501),medicine at Padua,and law at the University of Ferrara, from which he emerged in 1503 with the doctorate in canon law.Shortly afterward,he returned to Poland and eventually settled permanently at the cathedral near his hometown.Throu s uncle's influence he had hee elected canon of the cathedral astronomy.In 1530,Copernicus completed and gave to the world h sgreat work De Revolutionibus,which asserted that the earth rotated on its axis once daily and traveled around the sun once yearly.Not welcomed by the church,it was not published until 1543.Copernicus died on May 24.1543. (2)Haagen-Dazs and Reuben Mattus Reuben Mattus,a young entrepreneur with a passion for quality and a vision for creating the finest ice cream,worked in his mother's ice cream business selling fruit ice and ice cream pops from a horse drawn wagon in the bustling streets of the Bronx, New York.To produce the finest ice cream available,he insisted on using only the finest purest The family business grew and prospered throughout the 1930 ,40s and 50s,and by 1961 Mr.Mattus decided to form a new company dedicated to his ice cream vision. He called his new brand Haagen-Dazs,to convey an aura of the old-world traditions and craftsmanship to which he remained dedicated. Haag Da But Mr Mattu started out with only three fla vanilla,chocolate and coffec pas ssion for quality soon to ok im to the four cm of the glob The Haagen-Dazs brand quickly developed a loyal following.Then in 1976,Mr Mattus'daughter Doris opened the first Haagen-Dazs shop.It was an immediate success,and its popularity led to a rapid expansion of Haagen-Dazs shops across the (3)Edward Jenner Edward Jenner was an English country doctor who pioneered vaccination Edward Jenner was born on May 17,1749 in the small village of Berkeley in Gloucestershire.From an early age Jenner was a keen observer of nature and after ery under the pr eon Hohn Hunter.After completing his studies,he returned to his hometown Berkeley to set up a medic practice where he stayed until his death in 1823.In the eighteenth century.before Jenner,smallpox was a killer disease,as widespread as cancer or heart diseases in the twentieth century but with the difference that the majority of its victims were infants and young children.Edward Jenner pioneered vaccination.Jenner's discovery in 179for constantly asking questions? 2. Background Information (1) A Brief Introduction of Nicolas Copernicus Born on Feb. 19, 1473, in Thorn (Torun), Poland, Copernicus is said to be the founder of modern astronomy. The son of a prosperous merchant, he was raised after his father’s death by a maternal uncle. At the age of nineteen, he was sent to the University of Krakow to study mathematics, optics (光学) and canon (基督教教规) law in Italy. This experience stimulated young Copernicus to study further liberal arts at Bologna (1496-1501), medicine at Padua, and law at the University of Ferrara, from which he emerged in 1503 with the doctorate in canon law. Shortly afterward, he returned to Poland and eventually settled permanently at the cathedral near his hometown. Through his uncle’s influence he had been elected canon of the cathedral. Copernicus not only faithfully performed his duties, but also turned his attention to astronomy. In 1530, Copernicus completed and gave to the world his great work De Revolutionibus, which asserted that the earth rotated on its axis (地轴线) once daily and traveled around the sun once yearly. Not welcomed by the church, it was not published until 1543. Copernicus died on May 24, 1543. (2) Häagen-Dazs and Reuben Mattus Reuben Mattus, a young entrepreneur with a passion for quality and a vision for creating the finest ice cream, worked in his mother’s ice cream business selling fruit ice and ice cream pops from a horse drawn wagon in the bustling streets of the Bronx, New York. To produce the finest ice cream available, he insisted on using only the finest, purest ingredients. The family business grew and prospered throughout the 1930s, 40s and 50s, and by 1961 Mr. Mattus decided to form a new company dedicated to his ice cream vision. He called his new brand Häagen-Dazs, to convey an aura of the old-world traditions and craftsmanship to which he remained dedicated. Häagen-Dazs started out with only three flavors: vanilla, chocolate and coffee. But Mr. Mattus’ passion for quality soon took him to the four corners of the globe. The Häagen-Dazs brand quickly developed a loyal following. Then in 1976, Mr. Mattus’ daughter Doris opened the first Häagen-Dazs shop. It was an immediate success, and its popularity led to a rapid expansion of Häagen-Dazs shops across the country. (3) Edward Jenner Edward Jenner was an English country doctor who pioneered vaccination. Edward Jenner was born on May 17, 1749 in the small village of Berkeley in Gloucestershire. From an early age Jenner was a keen observer of nature and after nine years as a surgeon’s apprentice he went to St. George’s Hospital, London to study anatomy (解剖学) and surgery under the prominent surgeon Hohn Hunter. After completing his studies, he returned to his hometown Berkeley to set up a medical practice where he stayed until his death in 1823. In the eighteenth century, before Jenner, smallpox was a killer disease, as widespread as cancer or heart diseases in the twentieth century but with the difference that the majority of its victims were infants and young children. Edward Jenner pioneered vaccination. Jenner’s discovery in 1796