12. 3 Organic molecules are classified by functional group(官能团) N Important Functional Groups and Their Reactions ·醇、酚、醚、豆 W Functional Group Name Typical Reactions Carbon-carbon Addition reactions with halogens 胺、酮、醛、 double bond hydrogen halides, and water: with hal 酰胺、羧酸、 triple bond hydrogen halides; hydrogenation to yield alkenes and alkanes 酯 halogen Exchange reactions (X=F, CL, Br, D CHCH,Br+K CHCH,I+ KBr 0-H Hydroxyl Esterification(formation of an ester) with carboxylic acids; oxidation to aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids Reduction to yield alcohols, oxidation 4 o of aldehydes to yield carboxylic acids Carboxyl Esterification with alcohols: reaction with phosphorus pentachloride to yield acid chlorides :O: -O-R Ester Hydrolysis to yield acids and alcohols (R= hydrocarbon) An Formation of ammonium salts with (R= H or hydrocarbon)12.3 Organic molecules are classified by functional group (官能团) • 醇、酚、醚、 胺、酮、醛、 酰胺、羧酸、 酯