●●● ●●●● 4.2 Multithreading Models :99 ●●●0 User threads vs, Kernel threads ● User threads o Provided by a thread library at the user level e PosiX Pthreads. Mach c-threads, solaris ul-threads Kernel Threads Provided and managed by the os directly Linux Solaris2 Windows. BeOS Relationship between kernel threads and user threads Many-to-one model One-to-one model ●Many- to-many model9 4.2 Multithreading Models ⚫ User Threads vs. Kernel Threads ⚫ User Threads ⚫ Provided by a thread library at the user level ⚫ POSIX Pthreads, Mach C-threads, Solaris UI-threads ⚫ Kernel Threads ⚫ Provided and managed by the OS directly ⚫ Linux， Solaris2, Windows, BeOS ⚫ Relationship between kernel threads and user threads ⚫ Many-to-one model ⚫ One-to-one model ⚫ Many-to-many model