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赵志刚等:水冷铜模与砂模铸造M2钢显微组织对比 ·793 120 模铸锭的平均晶粒尺寸(72.6μm)减小约40.7%,且 110 铸锭中心处晶粒尺寸减小43.2% 100 (4)M2钢凝固过程中其晶粒尺寸与冷却速度的 关系式可表示为 砂型模铸 1=27.2+36.2e體+3.8×10e-體 50 参考文献 水冷铜模 Zhao JZ,Jia ZQ.The present situation about development of 30 high-speed steel at home and abroad.Sci-Tech Inf Dev Econ, 20l h d e 1997,7(1):13 试样 (赵建政,贾志琦.国内外高速钢发展现状.科技情报开发与 图11水冷铜模和砂模铸锭不同试样的统计晶粒尺寸 经济,1997,7(1):13) Fig.11 Statistical grain size of the different samples of the sand Luan Y K,Song NN,Bai Y L,et al.Effect of solidification rate mould and water-cooled copper mould ingots on the morphology and distribution of eutectic carbides in centrifu- gal casting high-speed steel rolls.J Mater Process Technol,2010, 100 210(3):536 90 B]Shaikh QA,Coleman D S,Bates J,et al.Wear and micro struc- 。一测量值 tural studies of alloy sintered steels.J Mater Sci Technol,1991,7 80 一拟合曲线 (7):728 [4]Mujahid M,Qureshi M I,Ali M.Development of microstructure during heat treatment of high carbon Cr-Mo steel.Mater Sci Technol,2013,15(4):391 50 [5]EI-Rakayby A M,Mill B.On the microstructure and mechanical 40 properties of high speed steels.J Mater Sci Technol,1988,23 (12):4340 10152025 30 [6]Li YJ,Jiang QC,Zhao YG,et al.Modification of M2 cast high 冷却速度/K·g) speed steel.Acta Metall Sin,1996,32(3):313 图12M2钢凝固过程中晶粒尺寸与冷却速度之间的关系 (李彦军,姜启川,赵宇光,等.2铸造高速钢的变质研究 Fig.12 Relationship between grain size and cooling rate of M2 steel 金属学报,1996,32(3):313) during solidification [] Feng Z J,Du Z Z,Fu H G.Effect of RE-Ti compound modifica- tion on microstructure and properties of high vanadium high speed 大则其凝固过程中的过冷度将越大.因此,在一定范 steel.J /ron Steel Res,2009,21(10):48 围内增大冷却速度对晶粒的细化有着较为显著的 (丰振军,杜忠泽,符寒光.RE一复合变质对高钒高速钢组 效果 织和性能的影响.钢铁研究学报,2009,21(10):48) 从图5可知水冷铜模和砂模铸锭中心(试样)的 8] Mao W M.Effect of Ti RE and B on the solidification process of M2 high speed tool steel.J Beijing Unir Technol,1993,19(2): 冷却速度分别为1.9K·s和0.8K·s,相差仅2.4 38 倍.从图12可以看出,当冷却速度从0.8K·s增大到 (毛卫民.Ti、RE、B对MZ高速钢凝固过程及组织的影响.北 1.9Ks,晶粒尺寸从95um减小到54μm,减小约 京工业大学学报,1993,19(2):38) 43.2%.可见水冷铜模能有效的减小铸锭中心的晶粒 ] Feng M J,Wang E G,Zhan G F,et al.Study on electromagnetic 尺寸 continuous casting of W9 high speed steel.fron Steel,2008,43 (10):25 3结论 (冯明杰,王恩刚,战国锋,等.W9高速钢的电磁连续铸造 研究.钢铁,2008,43(10):25) (1)横截面积为50mm×100mm的砂模和水冷铜 [10]Jiang Y,Cen Q H,Jiang Y H,et al.Effect of cooling rate on 模M2钢铸锭的平均二次枝晶间距分别为42.5和 microstructure of high boron high speed steel roll ring produced 21.6um,平均冷却速度为1.06和12.50Ks. by centrifugal casting.Trans Mater Heat Treat,2013,34(4): (2)水冷铜模和砂模的M2铸锭的平均渗透率分 128 别为0.035和0.13μm2,其中心碳化物面积分数分别 (蒋一,岑启宏,蒋业华,等.冷却速度对离心铸造高硼高速 钢辊环组织的影响.材料热处理学报,2013,34(4):128) 为0.30和0.46,快的冷却速度能有效地降低渗透率从 [11]Zhou X F,Fang F,Li F.Morphology and microstructure of M2C 而减轻中心碳偏析程度. carbide formed at different cooling rates in AlSI M2 high speed (3)水冷铜模铸锭平均晶粒尺寸(43.1um)较砂 steel.J Mater Sci,2011,46(5)1196赵志刚等: 水冷铜模与砂模铸造 M2 钢显微组织对比 图 11 水冷铜模和砂模铸锭不同试样的统计晶粒尺寸 Fig. 11 Statistical grain size of the different samples of the sand mould and water-cooled copper mould ingots 图 12 M2 钢凝固过程中晶粒尺寸与冷却速度之间的关系 Fig. 12 Relationship between grain size and cooling rate of M2 steel during solidification 大则其凝固过程中的过冷度将越大. 因此,在一定范 围内增大冷却速度对晶粒的细化有着较为显著的 效果. 从图 5 可知水冷铜模和砂模铸锭中心( 试样 f) 的 冷却速度分别为 1. 9 K·s - 1 和 0. 8 K·s - 1,相差仅 2. 4 倍. 从图 12 可以看出,当冷却速度从 0. 8 K·s - 1增大到 1. 9 K·s - 1,晶粒尺寸从 95 μm 减小到 54 μm,减小约 43. 2% . 可见水冷铜模能有效的减小铸锭中心的晶粒 尺寸. 3 结论 ( 1) 横截面积为 50 mm × 100 mm 的砂模和水冷铜 模 M2 钢铸锭的平均二次枝晶间距分别为 42. 5 和 21. 6 μm,平均冷却速度为 1. 06 和 12. 50 K·s - 1 . ( 2) 水冷铜模和砂模的 M2 铸锭的平均渗透率分 别为 0. 035 和 0. 13 μm2 ,其中心碳化物面积分数分别 为 0. 30 和0. 46,快的冷却速度能有效地降低渗透率从 而减轻中心碳偏析程度. ( 3) 水冷铜模铸锭平均晶粒尺寸( 43. 1 μm) 较砂 模铸锭的平均晶粒尺寸( 72. 6 μm) 减小约 40. 7% ,且 铸锭中心处晶粒尺寸减小 43. 2% . ( 4) M2 钢凝固过程中其晶粒尺寸与冷却速度的 关系式可表示为 l = 27. 2 + 36. 2e - dT/dt 13. 1 + 3. 8 × 104 e - dT/dt 0. 11 . 参 考 文 献 [1] Zhao J Z,Jia Z Q. The present situation about development of high-speed steel at home and abroad. Sci-Tech Inf Dev Econ, 1997,7( 1) : 13 ( 赵建政,贾志琦. 国内外高速钢发展现状. 科技情报开发与 经济,1997,7( 1) : 13) [2] Luan Y K,Song N N,Bai Y L,et al. Effect of solidification rate on the morphology and distribution of eutectic carbides in centrifu￾gal casting high-speed steel rolls. J Mater Process Technol,2010, 210( 3) : 536 [3] Shaikh Q A,Coleman D S,Bates J,et al. Wear and micro struc￾tural studies of alloy sintered steels. J Mater Sci Technol,1991,7 ( 7) : 728 [4] Mujahid M,Qureshi M I,Ali M. Development of microstructure during heat treatment of high carbon Cr--Mo steel. Mater Sci Technol,2013,15( 4) : 391 [5] EI-Rakayby A M,Mill B. On the microstructure and mechanical properties of high speed steels. J Mater Sci Technol,1988,23 ( 12) : 4340 [6] Li Y J,Jiang Q C,Zhao Y G,et al. Modification of M2 cast high speed steel. Acta Metall Sin,1996,32( 3) : 313 ( 李彦军,姜启川,赵宇光,等. M2 铸造高速钢的变质研究. 金属学报,1996,32( 3) : 313) [7] Feng Z J,Du Z Z,Fu H G. Effect of RE--Ti compound modifica￾tion on microstructure and properties of high vanadium high speed steel. J Iron Steel Res,2009,21( 10) : 48 ( 丰振军,杜忠泽,符寒光. RE--Ti 复合变质对高钒高速钢组 织和性能的影响. 钢铁研究学报,2009,21( 10) : 48) [8] Mao W M. Effect of Ti RE and B on the solidification process of M2 high speed tool steel. J Beijing Univ Technol,1993,19( 2) : 38 ( 毛卫民. Ti、RE、B 对 MZ 高速钢凝固过程及组织的影响. 北 京工业大学学报,1993,19( 2) : 38) [9] Feng M J,Wang E G,Zhan G F,et al. Study on electromagnetic continuous casting of W9 high speed steel. Iron Steel,2008,43 ( 10) : 25 ( 冯明杰,王恩刚,战国锋,等. W9 高速钢的电磁连续铸造 研究. 钢铁,2008,43( 10) : 25 ) [10] Jiang Y,Cen Q H,Jiang Y H,et al. Effect of cooling rate on microstructure of high boron high speed steel roll ring produced by centrifugal casting. Trans Mater Heat Treat,2013,34( 4) : 128 ( 蒋一,岑启宏,蒋业华,等. 冷却速度对离心铸造高硼高速 钢辊环组织的影响. 材料热处理学报,2013,34( 4) : 128) [11] Zhou X F,Fang F,Li F. Morphology and microstructure of M2C carbide formed at different cooling rates in AISI M2 high speed steel. J Mater Sci,2011,46( 5) : 1196 · 397 ·
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