Tribute system Discussion: 1) Tribute as ritual: different cultural understanding of Kotow?? 2) What are functions and purposes of the tribute system Tributary trade/ Tributary vs. trade -"Tribute was a cloak for trade"? Why trade and tribute were cognate aspects of a Single system of foreign relations in the Confucian view 4) In what aspects can we see the Manchus make themselves Sinified? The relationship between merchants and officials in the Canton system'"'-a tributary system? 6) In Fairbank's account, why China's response to the Western impact is slow?Tribute System Tribute System Discussion: Discussion: 1) Tribute as ritual: different cultural understanding of Tribute as ritual: different cultural understanding of “Kotow ” ? 2) What are functions and purposes of the tribute system? What are functions and purposes of the tribute system? 3) Tributary trade / Tributary vs. trade Tributary trade / Tributary vs. trade -- “Tribute was a cloak Tribute was a cloak for trade for trade ”? Why “trade and tribute were cognate aspects of a trade and tribute were cognate aspects of a single system of foreign relations in the Confucian view single system of foreign relations in the Confucian view” ? 4) In what aspects can we see the In what aspects can we see the Manchus Manchus make themselves make themselves Sinified Sinified ? 5) The relationship between merchants and officials in the The relationship between merchants and officials in the “Canton system Canton system ” – a tributary system? a tributary system? 6) In Fairbank Fairbank’s account, why China account, why China’s response to the Western s response to the Western impact is slow? impact is slow?