CHAPTER FOUR Alcohols and Alkyl Halides Several alcohols are com- corresponding alkane by the suffix -ol. The position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by number, choosing the sequence that assigns the lower locant to the carbon that bears (wood alcohol Coho Wood alcohol is methanol (methyl alcohol, CH CH=CH,OH CH3 CHCH, CH,CH, CH3 CH3 CCH, CHCH3 (ethyl alcohol, CH3CH2OH). Functional class 2-propanol (isopropyl alco- hol, (CH3)2 CHOH] name Ethyl alcohol 1-Methylpentyl alcohol 1, 1-Dimethy l alcoho Hydroxyl groups take precedence over ("outrank")alkyl groups and halogen substituents in determining the direction in which a carbon chain is numbered CH3CHCHCH2CHCH2 CH3 FCH, CH2CH2OH 6-Methyl- trans-2-Mel thylcyclopentanol 3-Fluoro-1-propanol (not 2-methyl PROBLEM 4.2 Write structural formulas, and give the functional class and sub- stitutive names of all the isomeric alcohols that have the molecular formula CaH1oO 4.3 CLASSES OF ALCOHOLS AND ALKYL HALIDES Alcohols and alkyl halides are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary according to the classification of the carbon that bears the functional group(Section 2.10). Thus, pri- mary alcohols and primary alkyl halides are compounds of the type RCH2G(where G is the functional group), secondary alcohols and secondary alkyl halides are compounds of the type R2CHG, and tertiary alcohols and tertiary alkyl halides are compounds of the type r3CG CH CH3,OH CH3CH2 CHCH3 CH3CCH? CH,CH3 CH3 2, 2-Dimethyl-l-propanol 2-Bromobutane 1-Methylcyclohexanol 2-Chloro-2-methylpentane (a primary alcohol) (a secondary alkyl halide) (a tertiary alcohol (a tertiary alkyl halide) PROBLEM 4.3 Classify the isomeric CaH1o0 alcohols as being primary, secondary, or tertiary Many of the properties of alcohols and alkyl halides are affected by whether their functional groups are attached to primary, secondary, or tertiary carbons. We will see a number of cases in which a functional group attached to a primary carbon is more reac tive than one attached to a secondary or tertiary carbon, as well as other cases in which Back Forward Main Menu Study Guide ToC Student OLC MHHE Websitecorresponding alkane by the suffix -ol. The position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by number, choosing the sequence that assigns the lower locant to the carbon that bears the hydroxyl group. Hydroxyl groups take precedence over (“outrank”) alkyl groups and halogen substituents in determining the direction in which a carbon chain is numbered. PROBLEM 4.2 Write structural formulas, and give the functional class and sub￾stitutive names of all the isomeric alcohols that have the molecular formula C4H10O. 4.3 CLASSES OF ALCOHOLS AND ALKYL HALIDES Alcohols and alkyl halides are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary according to the classification of the carbon that bears the functional group (Section 2.10). Thus, pri￾mary alcohols and primary alkyl halides are compounds of the type RCH2G (where G is the functional group), secondary alcohols and secondary alkyl halides are compounds of the type R2CHG, and tertiary alcohols and tertiary alkyl halides are compounds of the type R3CG. PROBLEM 4.3 Classify the isomeric C4H10O alcohols as being primary, secondary, or tertiary. Many of the properties of alcohols and alkyl halides are affected by whether their functional groups are attached to primary, secondary, or tertiary carbons. We will see a number of cases in which a functional group attached to a primary carbon is more reac￾tive than one attached to a secondary or tertiary carbon, as well as other cases in which the reverse is true. 6-Methyl-3-heptanol (not 2-methyl-5-heptanol) CH3CHCH2CH2CHCH2CH3 CH3 W OH W 7 65 4 32 1 3-Fluoro-1-propanol FCH2CH2CH2OH 321 OH CH3 1 5 4 3 2 trans-2-Methylcyclopentanol CH3CH2OH Ethyl alcohol Ethanol 1-Methylpentyl alcohol 2-Hexanol CH3CHCH2CH2CH2CH3 OH W 1,1-Dimethylbutyl alcohol 2-Methyl-2-pentanol CH3CCH2CH2CH3 OH CH3 W W Functional class name: Substitutive name: 128 CHAPTER FOUR Alcohols and Alkyl Halides CH3CCH2OH CH3 W W CH3 2,2-Dimethyl-1-propanol (a primary alcohol) CH3CCH2CH2CH3 CH3 W C W Cl 2-Chloro-2-methylpentane (a tertiary alkyl halide) CH3CH2CHCH3 Br W 2-Bromobutane (a secondary alkyl halide) CH3 OH 1-Methylcyclohexanol (a tertiary alcohol) Several alcohols are com￾monplace substances, well known by common names that reflect their origin (wood alcohol, grain alcohol) or use (rubbing alcohol). Wood alcohol is methanol (methyl alcohol, CH3OH), grain alcohol is ethanol (ethyl alcohol, CH3CH2OH), and rubbing alcohol is 2-propanol [isopropyl alco￾hol, (CH3)2CHOH]. Back Forward Main Menu TOC Study Guide TOC Student OLC MHHE Website