Optical Imaging 3 Energy-Loss Processes Spectra (real space) (energy absorbtion) Elastic Inelastic Scattering Scattering 2 Diffraction 4 Secondary Spectra Signals (reciprocal space) (excitation processes) 1.Signal can be focused-real space image 3.Energy loss spectra (e.g.,OM,SEM,TEM) (due to absorption of incident radiation) 2.Scattering angles can be collected and 4.Secondary signals such as x-rays or analyzed in reciprocal space secondary electrons (e.g.,XRD or SAD) (due to excitation ofelectrons in material) (Figure from D.Brandon and W.Kaplan,Microstructural Characterization of Materials.20 Edition,Wiley (2008)p.6) 66