l Chi-Square Tests of independence Between two variables The Question Are the two variables independent? If the two variables of interest are independent then >> the way elements are distributed across the various levels of one variable does not affect how they are distributed across the levels of the other o the probability of an element falling in any level of the second variable is unaffected by knowing its level on the first dimension o 2002 The Wadsworth GroupChi-Square Tests of Independence Between Two Variables • The Question: – Are the two variables independent? If the two variables of interest are independent, then »the way elements are distributed across the various levels of one variable does not affect how they are distributed across the levels of the other. »the probability of an element falling in any level of the second variable is unaffected by knowing its level on the first dimension. © 2002 The Wadsworth Group