o a discipline closely allied to traditional epidemiology that focuses on the familial and in particular genetic, determinants of disease and the joint effects of genes and non-genetic determinants PR Burton et al. lancet 2005 复旦大学流行病学教研室付朝伟复旦大学流行病学教研室 付朝伟 5  a discipline closely allied to traditional epidemiology that focuses on the familial, and in particular genetic, determinants of disease and the joint effects of genes and non-genetic determinants. -PR Burton et al, Lancet 2005