References cited in this section 17. P F. Wilson, L D. Dell, and G F. Anderson, Root Cause Analysis: A Tool for Total Quality Management, AsQ Quality Press, 1993, p 50 18. G.F. Smith, Quality Problem Solving, AsQ Quality Press, 1998, p 12 19. M. Paradise, L. Unger, and D. Busch, Tap Roote Root Cause Tree TM User's Manual, Systems Improvement, Inc 996,p914 20.R J. Latino and K.C. Latino, Root Cause Analysis: Improving Performance for Bottom Line Results, Reliability Center, Inc, 1999, p 79-89 21. C. Nelms, What You Can Learn From Things That Go Wrong, Ist ed, Failsafe Network, Richmond, VA, 1994 22. H P. Bloch and F.K. Geitner, Practical Machinery Management for Process Plants, Vol 2, Machinery failure Analysis and Troubleshooting, Gulf Publishing Co., 1983, p 5-6 Introduction to Failure Analysis and Prevention James ]. Scutti, Massachusetts Materials Research, Inc. William ]. McBrine, ALTRAN Corporation Primary Physical Root Causes of Failure Categorizing schemes for the root causes of equipment failures vary among failure analysis practitioners, quality engineers, other engineers, and managers, as well as legal and insurance professionals(Ref 13, 15, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27) Grouping physical root causes into only a few fundamental categories is advantageous and informative because it defines which aspect of a product or system requires corrective action and prevention strategies. Systematic analysis of equipment failures reveals physical root causes that fall into one of four fundamental categories(Ref 28) Design deficiencies Material defects Manufacturing/installation defects Service life anomalies An effective graphical representation of the impact of defects on the service life of a component or system is provided in the application-life diagram(Fig. 5)(Ref 29, 30). The diagram is constructed by plotting the service lives of components having specific characteristics in the design/configuration, as related to the severity of a specific service condition that is anticipated for the application. Typical characteristics include strength, corrosion resistance, heat treatment condition. flaw size, surface finish, bend radius, void content (i.e, in a casting), degree of sensitization, and so forth. Examples of ervice conditions include magnitude of stress (either cyclic or static), exposure temperature, aggressiveness of environment, radiation exposure, electrical stress, and so forth Thefileisdownloadedfromwww.bzfxw.comReferences cited in this section 17. P.F. Wilson, L.D. Dell, and G.F. Anderson, Root Cause Analysis: A Tool for Total Quality Management, ASQ Quality Press, 1993, p 50 18. G.F. Smith, Quality Problem Solving, ASQ Quality Press, 1998, p 127 19. M. Paradise, L. Unger, and D. Busch, TapRoot® Root Cause Tree™ User's Manual, Systems Improvement, Inc., 1996, p 9–14 20. R.J. Latino and K.C. Latino, Root Cause Analysis: Improving Performance for Bottom Line Results, Reliability Center, Inc., 1999, p 79–89 21. C. Nelms, What You Can Learn From Things That Go Wrong, 1st ed., Failsafe Network, Richmond, VA, 1994 22. H.P. Bloch and F.K. Geitner, Practical Machinery Management for Process Plants, Vol 2, Machinery Failure Analysis and Troubleshooting, Gulf Publishing Co., 1983, p 5–6 Introduction to Failure Analysis and Prevention James J. Scutti, Massachusetts Materials Research, Inc.; William J. McBrine, ALTRAN Corporation Primary Physical Root Causes of Failure Categorizing schemes for the root causes of equipment failures vary among failure analysis practitioners, quality engineers, other engineers, and managers, as well as legal and insurance professionals (Ref 13, 15, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27). Grouping physical root causes into only a few fundamental categories is advantageous and informative because it defines which aspect of a product or system requires corrective action and prevention strategies. Systematic analysis of equipment failures reveals physical root causes that fall into one of four fundamental categories (Ref 28): · Design deficiencies · Material defects · Manufacturing/installation defects · Service life anomalies An effective graphical representation of the impact of defects on the service life of a component or system is provided in the application-life diagram (Fig. 5) (Ref 29, 30). The diagram is constructed by plotting the service lives of components having specific characteristics in the design/configuration, as related to the severity of a specific service condition that is anticipated for the application. Typical characteristics include strength, corrosion resistance, heat treatment condition, flaw size, surface finish, bend radius, void content (i.e., in a casting), degree of sensitization, and so forth. Examples of service conditions include magnitude of stress (either cyclic or static), exposure temperature, aggressiveness of environment, radiation exposure, electrical stress, and so forth. The file is downloaded from www.bzfxw.com