再看市场均衡 消费者、生产者 Revisiting the Market Equilibrium 与市场效率 市场均衡价格和数量使买者和卖者的总福利 Consumers. Producers 最大化吗? and the Efficiency of Do the equilibrium price and quantity Markets maximize the total welfare of buyers and sellers? ◆市场均衡反映出市场配置希缺资源的方式 Market equilibrium reflects the way markets 第7章 allocate scarce resources Chapter 7 ◆市场的资源配量是否令人满意,取决于福利经济 Whether the market allocation is desirable is determined by welfare economies 福利经济学 Welfare economics 福利经济学 Welfare Economics 福利经济学研究资源配置如何影响经济福利。 are economics 市场均衡导致收益最大化,因此导致消 allocation of resourees affects economic well- 费者和生产者的总体福利的最大化。 ◆买者和实者从参与市场中收益。 Equilibrium in the market results in Buyers and sellers receive benefits from taking part in maximum benefits, and therefore maximum total welfare for both the ◆市场上供求均衡可以使买者和卖者的总福和最大化。 consumers and the producers of the The equilibrium in a market can maximize the tota welfare of buvers and sell roduct 福利经济学 消费者剩余 Welfare Economics Consumer Surplus ◆消费者剩余衡量买方的经济福利 ◆支付意愿是买者愿意且能够为某一物品 Consumer surplus measures economic 支付的最高价格。 welfare from the buyer's side willingness to pay is the maximum price ◆生产者剩余衡量卖方的经济福利 that a buyer is willing and able to pay for Producer surplus measures economic a good welfare from the seller's side ◆它衡量买者对物品或服务的评价是多少 It measures how much the buver values the good or service1 1 消费者、生产者 与市场效率 Consumers, Producers, and the Efficiency of Markets 第7章 Chapter 7 2 再看市场均衡 Revisiting the Market Equilibrium 市场均衡价格和数量使买者和卖者的总福利 最大化吗? Do the equilibrium price and quantity maximize the total welfare of buyers and sellers? ‹市场均衡反映出市场配置稀缺资源的方式。 Market equilibrium reflects the way markets allocate scarce resources. ‹ 市场的资源配置是否令人满意，取决于福利经济 学。 Whether the market allocation is desirable is determined by welfare economics. 3 福利经济学 Welfare Economics 福利经济学研究资源配置如何影响经济福利。 Welfare economics is the study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well￾being. ‹买者和卖者从参与市场中收益。 Buyers and sellers receive benefits from taking part in the market. ‹市场上供求均衡可以使买者和卖者的总福利最大化。 The equilibrium in a market can maximize the total welfare of buyers and sellers. 4 福利经济学 Welfare Economics 市场均衡导致收益最大化，因此导致消 费者和生产者的总体福利的最大化。 Equilibrium in the market results in maximum benefits, and therefore maximum total welfare for both the consumers and the producers of the product. 5 福利经济学 Welfare Economics ‹消费者剩余衡量买方的经济福利。 Consumer surplus measures economic welfare from the buyer’s side. ‹生产者剩余衡量卖方的经济福利。 Producer surplus measures economic welfare from the seller’s side. 6 消费者剩余 Consumer Surplus ‹支付意愿是买者愿意且能够为某一物品 支付的最高价格。 Willingness to pay is the maximum price that a buyer is willing and able to pay for a good. ‹它衡量买者对物品或服务的评价是多少 It measures how much the buyer values the good or service