( Arbitrariness There is no logical or intrinsic connection between meanings and sounds, or between the things signified and the words used to signif Eg. The same object: mianbao in Chinese bread in English pain in French xleb in russian 八> in Japanese(i) Arbitrariness There is no logical or intrinsic connection between meanings and sounds, or between the things signified and the words used to signify. Eg. The same object: mianbao in Chinese bread in English pain in French xleb in Russian パン in Japanese