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·670· 北京科技大学学报 第34卷 熔体热对流速度的5~10倍B, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers,1998 声流作用改变熔体的凝固条件,使熔体由逐层 4 Yang Y S,Zhang QS,He Y L,et al.The segregation of copper and silicon in Al-Si-Cu alloy during electromagnetic centrifugal so- 凝固变为体积凝固,有利于溶质元素充分扩 lidification.Sci Technol Adv Mater,2001,2(1):271 散11. 在强制对流的影响下,固液两相区的温度 5) Wang F J,Zhao X Y,Zhang D W,et al.Development of novel 升高,渗透性变大,富集溶质液相流入增加,凝固固 ultrasonic transducers for microelectronics packaging.J Mater 相中溶质含量增大;促进边部溶质贫乏粗枝晶的破 Process Technol,2009,209(3):1291 碎及运动,减弱边部负偏析,同时也均衡了熔体与先 [6]Khosro Aghayani M,Niroumand B.Effects of ultrasonic treatment 凝固固相的溶质浓度差,从而有效弱化了宏观偏析 on microstructure and tensile strength of A291 magnesium alloy. Alloys Compd,2011,509(1):114 3结论 7]Zhang L H.Yu J,Zhang X M.Effect of ultrasonic power and casting speed on solidification structure of 7050 aluminum alloy in- (1)超声作用促进铸锭横截面微观组织的细化 got in ultrasonic field.J Cent South Unir Technol,2010,17(3): 和均匀分布,超声功率为200W,铸锭组织细化效果 431 最佳,铸锭中心和边部的晶粒尺寸分别为117和 [8]Jian X,Xu H,Meek T T,et al.Effect of power ultrasound on so- lidification of aluminum A356 alloy.Mater Lett,2005,59 (2/3): 173μm. 190 (2)超声场的施加促进溶质元素的再分布.超 [9]Nadella R,Eskin D G,Du Q,et al.Macrosegregation in direct- 声施振功率为170W时,整个径向宏观偏析弱化效 chill casting of aluminum alloys.Prog Mater Sci,2008,53 (3): 果最佳,Zn、Mg和Cu的偏析指数分别为0.0593、 421 0.0565和0.0319:功率为200W时铸锭宏观偏析最 [10]Li Y L,Li B M,Liu Y T,et al.Effect of power ultrasonic on struc- ture of Al-Si alloys.Chin J Nonferrous Met,1999,9(4):719 严重,Zm、Mg和Cu的偏析指数达到0.1118、0.0913 (李英龙,李宝绵,刘永涛,等.功率超声对ASi合金组织的 和0.1087. 影响.中国有色金属学报,1999,9(4):719) (3)超声铸造抑制半径112区域正偏析程度, 1] Noeppel A,Ciobanas A,Wang X D,et al.Influence of forced/ 增加中心区域溶质富集的等轴晶比例,使溶质元素 natural convection on segregation during the directional solidifica- 随施振功率的增加在铸锭中心产生富集,造成铸锭 tion of Al-based binary alloys.Metall Mater Trans B,2010,41 产生中心正偏析的趋势增强。 (1):193 [12]Xie F Y,Yang X Y,L Ding,et al.A study of microstructure and microsegregation of aluminum 7050 alloy.Mater Sci Eng A, 参考文献 2003,355(1/2):144 1]Flemings M C.Our understanding of macrosegregation:past and [13]Eskin D G,Nadella R,Katgerman L.Effect of different grain present..1SJIm,2000,40(9):833 structures on centerline macrosegregation during direct-hill cast- ZhaoZ.H.Cui ]Z,Lu G M,et al.Effect of low-frequency mag- ing.Acta Mater,2008,56(6):1358 netic field on microstructures and macrosegregation of horizontal di- [14]Zhong G,Wu S S,Jiang H W,et al.Effects of ultrasonic vibra- rect chill casting 7075 aluminum alloy.I Mater Process Technol, tion on the iron-containing intermetallic compounds of high silicon 2007,182:185 aluminum alloy with 2%Fe.J Alloys Compd,2010,492(1/2): B]Eskin G I.Ultrasonic Treatment of Light Alloy Melts.Amsterdam: 482北 京 科 技 大 学 学 报 第 34 卷 熔体热对流速度的 5 ~ 10 倍[3,5]. 声流作用改变熔体的凝固条件,使熔体由逐层 凝固变为体积凝固,有 利 于 溶 质 元 素 充 分 扩 散[11,14]. 在强制对流的影响下,固液两相区的温度 升高,渗透性变大,富集溶质液相流入增加,凝固固 相中溶质含量增大; 促进边部溶质贫乏粗枝晶的破 碎及运动,减弱边部负偏析,同时也均衡了熔体与先 凝固固相的溶质浓度差,从而有效弱化了宏观偏析. 3 结论 ( 1) 超声作用促进铸锭横截面微观组织的细化 和均匀分布,超声功率为 200 W,铸锭组织细化效果 最佳,铸锭中心和边部的晶粒尺寸分别为 117 和 173 μm. ( 2) 超声场的施加促进溶质元素的再分布. 超 声施振功率为 170 W 时,整个径向宏观偏析弱化效 果最佳,Zn、Mg 和 Cu 的偏析指数分别为 0. 059 3、 0. 056 5 和0. 0319; 功率为200 W 时铸锭宏观偏析最 严重,Zn、Mg 和 Cu 的偏析指数达到 0. 111 8、0. 091 3 和 0. 108 7. ( 3) 超声铸造抑制半径 1 /2 区域正偏析程度, 增加中心区域溶质富集的等轴晶比例,使溶质元素 随施振功率的增加在铸锭中心产生富集,造成铸锭 产生中心正偏析的趋势增强. 参 考 文 献 [1] Flemings M C. Our understanding of macrosegregation: past and present. ISIJ Int,2000,40( 9) : 833 [2] ZhaoZ H,Cui J Z,Lu G M,et al. Effect of low-frequency mag￾netic field on microstructures and macrosegregation of horizontal di￾rect chill casting 7075 aluminum alloy. J Mater Process Technol, 2007,182: 185 [3] Eskin G I. Ultrasonic Treatment of Light Alloy Melts. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers,1998 [4] Yang Y S,Zhang Q S,He Y L,et al. The segregation of copper and silicon in Al-Si-Cu alloy during electromagnetic centrifugal so￾lidification. Sci Technol Adv Mater,2001,2( 1) : 271 [5] Wang F J,Zhao X Y,Zhang D W,et al. Development of novel ultrasonic transducers for microelectronics packaging. J Mater Process Technol,2009,209( 3) : 1291 [6] Khosro Aghayani M,Niroumand B. Effects of ultrasonic treatment on microstructure and tensile strength of AZ91 magnesium alloy. J Alloys Compd,2011,509( 1) : 114 [7] Zhang L H,Yu J,Zhang X M. Effect of ultrasonic power and casting speed on solidification structure of 7050 aluminum alloy in￾got in ultrasonic field. J Cent South Univ Technol,2010,17( 3) : 431 [8] Jian X,Xu H,Meek T T,et al. Effect of power ultrasound on so￾lidification of aluminum A356 alloy. Mater Lett,2005,59( 2 /3) : 190 [9] Nadella R,Eskin D G,Du Q,et al. Macrosegregation in direct￾chill casting of aluminum alloys. Prog Mater Sci,2008,53( 3) : 421 [10] Li Y L,Li B M,Liu Y T,et al. Effect of power ultrasonic on struc￾ture of Al-Si alloys. Chin J Nonferrous Met,1999,9( 4) : 719 ( 李英龙,李宝绵,刘永涛,等. 功率超声对 Al--Si 合金组织的 影响. 中国有色金属学报,1999,9( 4) : 719) [11] Noeppel A,Ciobanas A,Wang X D,et al. Influence of forced / natural convection on segregation during the directional solidifica￾tion of Al-based binary alloys. Metall Mater Trans B,2010,41 ( 1) : 193 [12] Xie F Y,Yang X Y,L Ding,et al. A study of microstructure and microsegregation of aluminum 7050 alloy. Mater Sci Eng A, 2003,355( 1 /2) : 144 [13] Eskin D G,Nadella R,Katgerman L. Effect of different grain structures on centerline macrosegregation during direct-chill cast￾ing. Acta Mater,2008,56( 6) : 1358 [14] Zhong G,Wu S S,Jiang H W,et al. Effects of ultrasonic vibra￾tion on the iron-containing intermetallic compounds of high silicon aluminum alloy with 2% Fe. J Alloys Compd,2010,492( 1 /2) : 482 ·670·
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