Contents Chapter 1 Fungi and the Development of Microbiological Chemistry 1.5 History of Fungal Metabolites 6 1.5.1 Fungal Metabolites in the Nineteenth Century 1.5. Fungal Metabolites 1900-1940 153 15.5 796 1.5.6 Fungal Metabolites 1965-2005 1.5.7 History of Biosynthetic Studies with Fungi 15 Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Growing Fungi The Culture Medium 3 ngal Met bolite 4 The Stages in a Fermentation 23 2.5 Utilization of the Constituents of the Medium 2.6 Fungi Growing in the Wild 2.7 Biosynthetic Experiments Chapter 3 Fungal Metabolites Derived from Amino Acids 3.1 Introduction 3.2 PenicillinsContents Chapter 1 Fungi and the Development of Microbiological Chemistry 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Structure of Fungi 2 1.3 Classification of Fungi 4 1.4 The Fungal Cell Wall 5 1.5 History of Fungal Metabolites 6 1.5.1 Fungal Metabolites in the Nineteenth Century 7 1.5.2 Fungal Metabolites 1900–1940 8 1.5.3 Fungi in the Antibiotic Era, 1940–1960 10 1.5.4 Study of Fungal Plant Diseases 1940–1965 12 1.5.5 Impact of Spectroscopic Methods on Structure Elucidation 13 1.5.6 Fungal Metabolites 1965–2005 13 1.5.7 History of Biosynthetic Studies with Fungi 15 Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Growing Fungi 2.1 The Culture Medium 18 2.2 Laboratory Fermentation 20 2.3 Isolation of Fungal Metabolites 21 2.4 The Stages in a Fermentation 23 2.5 Utilization of the Constituents of the Medium 25 2.6 Fungi Growing in the Wild 28 2.7 Biosynthetic Experiments 29 Chapter 3 Fungal Metabolites Derived from Amino Acids 3.1 Introduction 32 3.2 Penicillins 33 The Chemistry of Fungi By James R. Hanson r James R. Hanson, 2008 vii