Books and Arts Nature 451, 771-772(14 February 2008)I doi: 10.1038/451771b; Published online 13 February 2008 Genomes evolve, but how? Axel Meyerl BOOK REVIEWED-The Origins of Genome Architecture by Michael Lynch Sinauer:2007.510p.559.95(hbk) Nothing in biology makes sense, except in the light of evolution , said the great geneticist and evolutionary biolo gist Theodosius dobzhansky. twenty-five years on, genomics as a discipline has yet to embrace evolution fully. Michael Lynch is an exception. His timely textbook demands that population thinking, population genetics and evolutionary theory be meshed more explic itly. After all, genomes did not appear suddenly from nowhere, and mutational changes from single base-pair substitutions to whole-genome duplications are at least one basis of molecular as well as phenotypic evolutionary change. As the cost of genome-sequencing falls and more genomes of the major model systems are sequenced, evolutionary bio log ists have more say in which organisms will be investigated next. Population samples of, for example, the model species Drosophila(fruit lies) are a good target. Yet this line of research is still driven strongly by technical innovation, such as the speed and cost of data collection, rather than the testing of theories that might direct future experiments. Genomics research is progressing incred ibly fast off the back of genomic data that are being produced ever more rapidly. Still in a stage of ondrous discovery, this nascent field today evokes the excitement of the early days of natural history Lynch is a population geneticist who has made major contributions to numerous evolutionary questions and recently expanded his interests to genomics. He has pub lis hed landmark stud ies on muta tion rates, gene duplication and the functional diversif ication of genes In The Origins of Genome Architecture he advocates using population genetics to understand genomes because the mechanisms involved can explain changes in gene frequency across generations and elucidate genome evolution. For Lynch, population genetics and some non-adaptive mechanisms in particular suff ice to understand genomic evolution He argues that invoking mythica macroevolutionary forces'is unnecessaryBooks and Arts Nature 451, 771-772 (14 February 2008) | doi:10.1038/451771b; Published online 13 February 2008 Genomes evolve, but how? Axel Meyer1 BOOK REVIEWED-The Origins of Genome Architecture by Michael Lynch Sinauer: 2007. 510 pp. $59.95 (hbk) "Nothing in biology makes sense, except in the light of evolution," said the great geneticist and evolutionary biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky. Twenty-five years on, genomics as a discipline has yet to embrace evolution fully. Michael Lynch is an exception. His timely textbook demands that population thinking, population genetics and evolutionary theory be meshed more explicitly. Af ter all, genomes did not appear suddenly f rom nowhere, and mutational changes f rom single base-pair substitutions to whole-genome duplications are at least one basis of molecular as well as phenotypic evolutionary change. As the cost of genome-sequencing falls and more genomes of the major model systems are sequenced, evolutionary biologists have more say in which organisms will be investigated next. Population samples of , for example, the model species Drosophila (f ruitflies) are a good target. Yet this line of research is still driven strongly by technical innovation, such as the speed and cost of data collection, rather than the testing of theories that might direct future experiments. Genomics research is progressing incredibly fast, off the back of genomic data that are being produced ever more rapidly. Still in a stage of wondrous discovery, this nascent field today evokes the excitement of the early days of natural history. Lynch is a population geneticist who has made major contributions to numerous evolutionary questions and recently expanded his interests to genomics. He has published landmark studies on mutation rates, gene duplication and the functional diversification of genes. In The Origins of Genome Architecture, he advocates using population genetics to understand genomes because the mechanisms involved can explain changes in gene f requency across generations and elucidate genome evolution. For Lynch, population genetics and some non-adaptive mechanisms in particular suf fice to understand genomic evolution. He argues that invoking 'mythical macroevolutionary forces' is unnecessary