problems are solved at great cost and physicaly import ant terms are thrown away just because they are too hard to impement.The CFL condition willnot disappear but new weapons willbe devised to hel us in the day-to-day strugg against it. 9.The dream of seamless interoperability will have been achieved. Users and onlookers com plain year after year why is so much hum an intervention needed to get from the whiteboard to the solution?Why does one computer program have to be written for the grid gener ator another for the discretisation and another for the inear algebrarequiring interfaces allalng the way with repeated opportunities for hum an error?Why are symboic and numericalcakulations separate?Why can't our ideas and tools bend together into a seam ess inter operable system?Well of cour se they canCand getting there is merey an engineering probkm.Fifty years from now the grids and the sovers willhare been coupled-and hum ans willm ore and more rarey catch sight of actualnum bers in the course of doing scienc 10.The problem of massively parallel computing will have been blown open by ideas related to the human brain. The inform ation revoution is wellunderway but the revoution in understanding the hum an brain has not arrived yet.Some key ideais missing. Another fact of scienti.c ife is that the probbm of massivey paralelcomputing is staled.For decades it has seemed plain that eventualyserialcomputers must run up aainst the constraints of the speed of ight and the size of atoms at which point further increases in power must come abou through paraleism.Yet paralelcomputing nowadays is a cum sy business@bogged down in comm unication pr oblms Onowhere near as advanced as everyone expected a decade ago. I beieve that the dream of paralbl com puting willbe fulled.And it is hard to aroid the thought that if and the human brain are both on the agenda the two revolutions in store willsomehow be inked.Br ain researchers wilm ak discoveries that transform our methods of paralelcom puting;or com puter scientists wil make discoveries that the secrets of the brain;or just as the two.eks wil cange in tandem perhaps during an astonishing ten years of upheaval The upheaval couk begin tom it might take another generation@but it willcome before 2050. Meanwhieganother revo ution in biology is aready happening:the working out of DNA/RNA genomes and their implications.Every organism from virus to m an is spec i.ed by aprogram written in the aphabet of the nuckotides.Since Watson and Crick we have known this must be true and in 19950the .rst genome of a free-standing or- ganism was Since then dozensm ore have the hum an genome itsef now neary compete @and everything in biobogy @from developm ent to dru is being reinvented as we watch.If I give you the sequence kkGolrL in the standard code for the amino acids@this is enough for you to determine in a few seconds that I am speaking of an,-m acrogbobuin proteinase inhibitor of Octopus vul- garisand to bocate related enzymes in ten other species.Just point your browser to httpfifvwrci.mmin.so and run blastp. problems are solved at great cost and physically important terms are thrown away just because they are too hard to implement The CFL condition will not disappear but new weapons will be devised to help us in the day to day struggle against it  The dream of seamless interoperability wil l have been achieved Users and onlookers complain year after year why is so much human intervention needed to get from the whiteboard to the solution Why does one computer program have to be written for the grid generator another for the discretisation and another for the linear algebra requiring interfaces all along the way with repeated opportunities for human error Why are symbolic and numerical calculations separate Why can t our ideas and tools blend together into a seamless interoperable system Well of course they can and getting there is merely an engineering problem Fifty years from now the grids and the solvers will have been coupledand humans will more and more rarely catch sight of actual numbers in the course of doing science  The problem of massively paral lel computing wil l have been blown open by ideas related to the human brain The information revolution is well underway but the revolution in understanding the human brain has not arrived yet Some key idea is missing Another fact of scientic life is that the problem of massively parallel computing is stalled For decades it has seemed plain that eventually serial computers must run up against the constraints of the speed of light and the size of atoms at which point further increases in power must come about through parallelism Yet parallel computing nowadays is a clumsy business bogged down in communication problems nowhere near as advanced as everyone expected a decade ago I believe that the dream of parallel computing will be fullled And it is hard to avoid the thought that if parallel computing and the human brain are both on the agenda the two revolutions in store will somehow be linked Brain researchers will make discoveries that transform our methods of parallel computing or computer scientists will make discoveries that unlock the secrets of the brain or just as likely the two elds will change in tandem perhaps during an astonishing ten years of upheaval The upheaval could begin tomorrow or it might take another generation but it will come before  Meanwhile another revolution in biology is already happening the working out of DNARNA genomes and their implications Every organism from virus to man is spec ied by a program written in the alphabet of the nucleotides Since Watson and Crick we have known this must be true and in  the rst genome of a free standing or ganism was sequenced Since then dozens more have followed with the human genome itself now nearly complete and everything in biology from development to drug design is being reinvented as we watch If I give you the sequence KPSGCGEQNMINFYPNVL in the standard code for the amino acids this is enough for you to determine in a few seconds that I am speaking of an  macroglobulin proteinase inhibitor of Octopus vul garis and to locate related enzymes in ten other species Just point your browser to httpwwwncbinlmnihgov and run blastp