Potted history of AI 1943 McCulloch Pitts:Boolean circuit model of brain 1950 Turing's "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" 1952-69 Look,Ma,no hands! 1950s Early Al programs,including Samuel's checkers program, Newell Simon's Logic Theorist,Gelernter's Geometry Engine 1956 Dartmouth meeting:"Artificial Intelligence"adopted 1965 Robinson's complete algorithm for logical reasoning 1966-74 Al discovers computational complexity Neural network research almost disappears 1969-79 Early development of knowledge-based systems 1980-88 Expert systems industry booms 1988-93 Expert systems industry busts:"Al Winter" 1985-95 Neural networks return to popularity 1988-Resurgence of probability;general increase in technical depth "Nouvelle Al":ALife,GAs,soft computing 1995- Agents,agents,everywhere... 2003- Human-level Al back on the agenda Chapter 1 10Potted history of AI 1943 McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brain 1950 Turing’s “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” 1952–69 Look, Ma, no hands! 1950s Early AI programs, including Samuel’s checkers program, Newell & Simon’s Logic Theorist, Gelernter’s Geometry Engine 1956 Dartmouth meeting: “Artificial Intelligence” adopted 1965 Robinson’s complete algorithm for logical reasoning 1966–74 AI discovers computational complexity Neural network research almost disappears 1969–79 Early development of knowledge-based systems 1980–88 Expert systems industry booms 1988–93 Expert systems industry busts: “AI Winter” 1985–95 Neural networks return to popularity 1988– Resurgence of probability; general increase in technical depth “Nouvelle AI”: ALife, GAs, soft computing 1995– Agents, agents, everywhere . . . 2003– Human-level AI back on the agenda Chapter 1 10