Route of drug administration Oral:Easy,usually safe,economical;but- relatively slow,less predictable,has first pass effect,and patient compliance can be an issue Sublingual(buccal):Rapid,no first pass effect, bypasses Gl acids and enzymes;but-many molecules do not penetrate oral mucosa,not suitable for irritating substances Route of drug administration Rectal:Unconscious patients,vomitting patients,small children,minimal first pass effect,bypasses Gl acids and enzymes. However-irregular and incomplete absorption,not used for irritating substances, solutions must be isotonic• Oral: Easy, usually safe, economical; but – relatively slow, less predictable, has first pass effect, and patient compliance can be an issue • Sublingual (buccal): Rapid, no first pass effect, bypasses GI acids and enzymes; but – many molecules do not penetrate oral mucosa, not suitable for irritating substances   Route of drug administration • Rectal: Unconscious patients, vomitting patients, small children, minimal first pass effect, bypasses GI acids and enzymes. However – irregular and incomplete absorption, not used for irritating substances, solutions must be isotonic Route of drug administration