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第1期 郭素红等:厌氧陶粒附着膜膨胀床启动及运行实验研究 .19. 成熟的颗粒污泥多为球形或椭球形,颗粒污泥 过高的COD容积负荷,实验中所能达到的最高 表面存在细菌分区生长的现象,细菌主要有球菌、短 C0D容积负荷为18kgm-3d1. 杆菌、丝状菌、链球菌等, 为研究颗粒污泥微生物相沿径向的分布特点, 参考文献 对陶粒生物膜颗粒污泥剖面进行扫描电镜分析(如 [1]许丹东,肖红,膝兰珍.高效厌氧生物反应器快速启动的研 究.甘肃环境研究与监测,1994,7(1):28 图8所示)·陶粒颗粒污泥剖面沿径向细菌分布无 [2]Pol H.The Phenomenon of granulation of anaerobic sludge [Dis- 明显差异,边缘与中间层的细菌均以短杆菌居多,且 sertation].Wageningen:Agricultural University,1989 细菌饱满程度相当,说明生物膜活性沿径向无较大 [3]Jewell W J.Switzenbaum MS.Morris J W.Municipal wastewa- 梯度 ter treatment with the anaerobic attached microbial film expanded bed process.Water Pollut Control Fed,1981,53:482 3结论 [4]方治华,柯益华,杨平,等.厌氧流化床反应器微生物固定化 载体筛选的研究.环境科学学报,1995,15(4):399 (1)以陶粒为载体的厌氧附着膜膨胀床反应器 [5]余莹,黄江南,林波,等.新型水处理填料一纳米改性陶粒 在11d,开始出现颗粒污泥,20~30d形成大量的颗 的研制.给水排水,2004,30(12):95 粒污泥,24d即可完成启动,与直接接种颗粒污泥的 [6]桑军强,王占生.低温条件下生物陶粒反应器运行特性研究 反应器的启动周期相当或略快,但首次启动不宜采 环境科学,2003,24(2):112 用过高的水力负荷,二次启动则可以采用相对高的 [7]曹丛荣,贾立敏,黄清华,等.SBAR反应器生物膜生长特性 城市环境与城市生态,2005,18(5):15 启动负荷,经20d可完成启动. [8]岳敏,胡九成,赵海霞.国产轻质陶粒用于厌氧滤池的特性研 (2)在生物膜颗粒的形成过程中水力负荷及容 究.环境污染与防治,2004,26(1):22 积负荷是重要的影响因素,其中水力负荷对污泥的 [9]国家环境保护局,水与废水检测分析方法,3版.北京:中国 颗粒化有着重要作用,出现颗粒化的最低流速在 环境科学出版社,1997:233 0.2mh左右.成熟的生物膜颗粒表面的微生物 [1O]吴唯民,厌氧升流式污泥床(UASB)反应器内颗粒污泥的形 成及其特性研究[学位论文]·北京:清华大学环境工程系 呈多样化分区生长现象 1984 (③)以陶粒为载体培养的生物膜颗粒不宜承受 Investigation on start -up and operation of an anaerobic attached microbial film ex- panded bed with ceramisites as biofilm carrier GUO Suhong),NI Wen),WANG Kaijun2),ZOU Ankua) 1)Civil and Environmental Engineering School,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083.China: 2)Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection.Beijing 100037,China ABSTRACI Anaerobic biofilm particles with high activity were developed by the immobilized method of carrier adsorption.The start-up and operation of the reactor,the processing characteristics and the sludge characteris- tics were investigated.The feasibility of granular sludge replaced by biofilm particles was discussed to resolve the shortage of granular sludge in China.The equipment was applied an anaerobic attached microbial film expanded bed,whose influent was artificial and whose bare carrier was ceramic media with a wet superficial density of 1310kg'mand an averaged meter of 0.32mm.The results showed that start-up of the reactor was successful only in 24d,the COD volumetric loading rate (OLR)was up to 18kg'mdand the COD removal efficiency was70%80%. KEY WORDS ceramisites;anaerobic attached microbial film expanded bed;start-up and operation;processing characteristics:sludge characteristics成熟的颗粒污泥多为球形或椭球形‚颗粒污泥 表面存在细菌分区生长的现象‚细菌主要有球菌、短 杆菌、丝状菌、链球菌等. 为研究颗粒污泥微生物相沿径向的分布特点‚ 对陶粒生物膜颗粒污泥剖面进行扫描电镜分析(如 图8所示).陶粒颗粒污泥剖面沿径向细菌分布无 明显差异‚边缘与中间层的细菌均以短杆菌居多‚且 细菌饱满程度相当‚说明生物膜活性沿径向无较大 梯度. 3 结论 (1) 以陶粒为载体的厌氧附着膜膨胀床反应器 在11d‚开始出现颗粒污泥‚20~30d 形成大量的颗 粒污泥‚24d 即可完成启动‚与直接接种颗粒污泥的 反应器的启动周期相当或略快.但首次启动不宜采 用过高的水力负荷‚二次启动则可以采用相对高的 启动负荷‚经20d 可完成启动. (2) 在生物膜颗粒的形成过程中水力负荷及容 积负荷是重要的影响因素‚其中水力负荷对污泥的 颗粒化有着重要作用.出现颗粒化的最低流速在 0∙2m·h -1左右.成熟的生物膜颗粒表面的微生物 呈多样化分区生长现象. (3) 以陶粒为载体培养的生物膜颗粒不宜承受 过高的 COD 容积负荷‚实验中所能达到的最高 COD 容积负荷为18kg·m -3·d -1. 参 考 文 献 [1] 许丹东‚肖红‚滕兰珍.高效厌氧生物反应器快速启动的研 究.甘肃环境研究与监测‚1994‚7(1):28 [2] Pol H.The Phenomenon of granulation of anaerobic sludge [Dis￾sertation].Wageningen:Agricultural University‚1989 [3] Jewell W J‚Switzenbaum M S‚Morris J W.Municipal wastewa￾ter treatment with the anaerobic attached microbial film expanded bed process.Water Pollut Control Fed‚1981‚53:482 [4] 方治华‚柯益华‚杨平‚等.厌氧流化床反应器微生物固定化 载体筛选的研究.环境科学学报‚1995‚15(4):399 [5] 余莹‚黄江南‚林波‚等.新型水处理填料---纳米改性陶粒 的研制.给水排水‚2004‚30(12):95 [6] 桑军强‚王占生.低温条件下生物陶粒反应器运行特性研究. 环境科学‚2003‚24(2):112 [7] 曹丛荣‚贾立敏‚黄清华‚等.SBAR 反应器生物膜生长特性. 城市环境与城市生态‚2005‚18(5):15 [8] 岳敏‚胡九成‚赵海霞.国产轻质陶粒用于厌氧滤池的特性研 究.环境污染与防治‚2004‚26(1):22 [9] 国家环境保护局.水与废水检测分析方法.3版.北京:中国 环境科学出版社‚1997:233 [10] 吴唯民.厌氧升流式污泥床(UASB)反应器内颗粒污泥的形 成及其特性研究 [学位论文].北京:清华大学环境工程系‚ 1984 Investigation on start-up and operation of an anaerobic attached microbial film ex￾panded bed with ceramisites as biofilm carrier GUO Suhong 1)‚NI Wen 1)‚WA NG Kaijun 2)‚ZOU A nhua 1) 1) Civil and Environmental Engineering School‚University of Science and Technology Beijing‚Beijing100083‚China; 2) Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection‚Beijing100037‚China ABSTRACT Anaerobic biofilm particles with high activity were developed by the immobilized method of carrier adsorption.The start-up and operation of the reactor‚the processing characteristics and the sludge characteris￾tics were investigated.The feasibility of granular sludge replaced by biofilm particles was discussed to resolve the shortage of granular sludge in China.The equipment was applied an anaerobic attached microbial film expanded bed‚whose influent was artificial and whose bare carrier was ceramic media with a wet superficial density of 1310kg·m -3 and an averaged meter of0∙32mm.The results showed that start-up of the reactor was successful only in24d‚the COD volumetric loading rate (OLR) was up to18kg·m -3·d -1and the COD removal efficiency was70%~80%. KEY WORDS ceramisites;anaerobic attached microbial film expanded bed;start-up and operation;processing characteristics;sludge characteristics 第1期 郭素红等: 厌氧陶粒附着膜膨胀床启动及运行实验研究 ·19·
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