XXiv Symbols arbitrary length i=(i,iv.1.)L/h raising and lowering operators for the levels of the angular momentum 10 generic ket t.m eigenket of l Lq1,,9m1,,9m） classical Lagrangian function Lagrangian multiplier operator L=(Lx,Ly,L:) orbital angular momentum Lindblad superoperator me mn mass of the nucleus mp mass of the proton m magnetic quantum number m: eigenvalue ofj spin magnetic quantum number or secondary spin quantum number generic ket,eigenket of the energy measure of purity M meter arbitrary matrix direction vector eigenvector of the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian or of the number operator N number of elements of a given set normalization constant number operator Nk=atdk 0万 j-th eigenvalue of the observable lo) eigenket of the observable O j-th eigenket of the observable o generic operators.generic observables observable in the Heisenberg picture 6 observable in the Dirac picture os observable in the Schrodinger picture apparatus'pointer 8 observable of the obiect system non-demolition observable super-ket (or S-ket) classical generalized momentum component =(px.py.pz) three-dimensional momentum operator one-dimensional momentum operator xxiv Symbols l arbitrary length ˆl = (ˆlx , ˆly , ˆlz) = Lˆ /h¯ ˆl± = ˆlx ± ıˆly raising and lowering operators for the levels of the angular momentum |l generic ket  l, ml  eigenket of ˆlz L(q1, ... , qn; q˙1, ... , q˙n) classical Lagrangian function Lˆ Lagrangian multiplier operator Lˆ = (Lx , Ly , Lz) orbital angular momentum ˆ Lˆ Lindblad superoperator m mass of a particle me mass of the electron mn mass of the nucleus m p mass of the proton ml magnetic quantum number m j eigenvalue of jˆz ms spin magnetic quantum number or secondary spin quantum number |m generic ket, eigenket of the energy M measure of purity M meter Mˆ arbitrary matrix n, n direction vectors |n eigenvector of the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian or of the number operator N number of elements of a given set N normalization constant Nˆ = ˆa† aˆ number operator Nˆk = ˆa† kaˆk oj j-th eigenvalue of the observable Oˆ |o eigenket of the observable Oˆ  oj  j-th eigenket of the observable Oˆ Oˆ, Oˆ , Oˆ generic operators, generic observables Oˆ H observable in the Heisenberg picture OˆI observable in the Dirac picture Oˆ S observable in the Schrödinger picture OˆA apparatus’ pointer OˆS observable of the object system OˆND non-demolition observable    Oˆ  super-ket (or S-ket) pk classical generalized momentum component pˆ = (pˆx , pˆ y , pˆz) three-dimensional momentum operator pˆx one-dimensional momentum operator