工程科学学报.第42卷，第12期：1557-1572.2020年12月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.42,No.12:1557-1572,December 2020 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.05.10.002;http://cje.ustb.edu.cn 金属磁记忆检测技术研究新进展与关键问题 苏三庆四，刘馨为，王威，左付亮，邓瑞泽，秦彦龙 西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院，西安710055 ☒通信作者，E-mail:sussqx/@xauat.edu.cn 摘要金属磁记忆检测技术是一种适用于铁磁材料的新兴的无损检测技术，主要优势在于无需外加激励磁场源，即在天然 地磁场的激励作用下，通过测量材料表面的漏磁信号，就能够对铁磁构件的早期损伤进行检测，避免结构或构件发生突然的 脆性破坏.针对近10余年金属磁记忆检测技术的研究现状，概述了该技术的理论基础，总结了该技术理论研究、试验研究以 及工程应用新进展，探讨了磁记忆检测技术的损伤评判准则，分析了影响磁记忆检测信号的因素，基于此，提出了磁记忆检测 技术目前存在的问题和未来的研究发展方向. 关键词金属磁记忆检测：铁磁材料：力磁耦合：损伤评判：影响因索：应力集中 分类号TU391 Progress and key problems in the research on metal magnetic memory testing technology SU San-qing,LIU Xin-wei,WANG Wei,ZUO Fu-liang,DENG Rui-ze,QIN Yan-long School of Civil Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China Corresponding author,E-mail:sussqx(@xauatedu.cn ABSTRACT The nondestructive technique for testing ferromagnetic materials known as the metal magnetic memory method is formally proposed in 1997 by the Russian scholar Dubov at the 50th International Conference on Welding.The main advantage of this metal magnetic memory technology is that no external excitation magnetic field source is required.That is,by the excitation of the natural geomagnetic field,when a ferromagnetic member is subjected to external stress,a free magnetic leakage field is generated around the stress concentration or defect position of the ferromagnetic member due to the magnetic-force coupling effect.By measuring and analyzing the magnetic leakage signal on the surface of the material,the stress concentration,early damage,and degree of damage in the ferromagnetic member can be readily detected and evaluated to effectively prevent sudden brittle failure of the structure or member.This technique is the only effective nondestructive testing method for diagnosing early damage in ferromagnetic components.Because this metal magnetic memory testing technology can be used to assess the stress concentration,early damage position,and the degree of damage of ferromagnetic materials,it has great potential for use in predicting structural or component life and warning of damage.Its advantages include no manual magnetization or attached sensor,no surface treatment of components,and simple,convenient,and quick operation.As such,it has attracted wide interest from scholars around the world since its formal introduction.In this paper,based on the research on metal magnetic memory testing technology over the past 10 years,a theoretical model of the technology was established and the progress made in the theoretical research,experimental research,and engineering applications of this technology were summarized. The damage assessment criteria for magnetic memory testing technology were discussed and the factors that affect the magnetic memory detection signal were analyzed.Based on this review,the current problems were identified and future research directions of magnetic 收稿日期：2020-05-08 基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51878548.51578449)：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点资助项目(2018JZ5013)金属磁记忆检测技术研究新进展与关键问题 苏三庆苣，刘馨为，王    威，左付亮，邓瑞泽，秦彦龙 西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院，西安 710055 苣通信作者，E-mail：sussqx@xauat.edu.cn 摘    要    金属磁记忆检测技术是一种适用于铁磁材料的新兴的无损检测技术，主要优势在于无需外加激励磁场源，即在天然 地磁场的激励作用下，通过测量材料表面的漏磁信号，就能够对铁磁构件的早期损伤进行检测，避免结构或构件发生突然的 脆性破坏. 针对近 10 余年金属磁记忆检测技术的研究现状，概述了该技术的理论基础，总结了该技术理论研究、试验研究以 及工程应用新进展，探讨了磁记忆检测技术的损伤评判准则，分析了影响磁记忆检测信号的因素，基于此，提出了磁记忆检测 技术目前存在的问题和未来的研究发展方向. 关键词    金属磁记忆检测；铁磁材料；力磁耦合；损伤评判；影响因素；应力集中 分类号    TU391 Progress  and  key  problems  in  the  research  on  metal  magnetic  memory  testing technology SU San-qing苣 ，LIU Xin-wei，WANG Wei，ZUO Fu-liang，DENG Rui-ze，QIN Yan-long School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China 苣 Corresponding author, E-mail：sussqx@xauat.edu.cn ABSTRACT    The  nondestructive  technique  for  testing  ferromagnetic  materials  known  as  the  metal  magnetic  memory  method  is formally proposed in 1997 by the Russian scholar Dubov at the 50th International Conference on Welding. The main advantage of this metal  magnetic  memory  technology  is  that  no  external  excitation  magnetic  field  source  is  required.  That  is,  by  the  excitation  of  the natural geomagnetic field, when a ferromagnetic member is subjected to external stress, a free magnetic leakage field is generated around the stress concentration or defect position of the ferromagnetic member due to the magnetic-force coupling effect. By measuring and analyzing the magnetic leakage signal on the surface of the material, the stress concentration, early damage, and degree of damage in the ferromagnetic member can be readily detected and evaluated to effectively prevent sudden brittle failure of the structure or member. This technique is the only effective nondestructive testing method for diagnosing early damage in ferromagnetic components. Because this metal  magnetic  memory  testing  technology  can  be  used  to  assess  the  stress  concentration,  early  damage  position,  and  the  degree  of damage of ferromagnetic materials, it has great potential for use in predicting structural or component life and warning of damage. Its advantages include no manual magnetization or attached sensor, no surface treatment of components, and simple, convenient, and quick operation. As such, it has attracted wide interest from scholars around the world since its formal introduction. In this paper, based on the research on metal magnetic memory testing technology over the past 10 years, a theoretical model of the technology was established and the progress made in the theoretical research, experimental research, and engineering applications of this technology were summarized. The damage assessment criteria for magnetic memory testing technology were discussed and the factors that affect the magnetic memory detection signal were analyzed. Based on this review, the current problems were identified and future research directions of magnetic 收稿日期: 2020−05−08 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51878548，51578449）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点资助项目（2018JZ5013） 工程科学学报，第 42 卷，第 12 期：1557−1572，2020 年 12 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering, Vol. 42, No. 12: 1557−1572, December 2020 https://doi.org/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.05.10.002; http://cje.ustb.edu.cn