Some of the core grammatical features of spoken English (for example,ellipsis)share a grammatical label with similar features of written language.Some of the other features (for example,heads and tails and discourse markers), however,exist on the boundaries of what is conventionally understood as a grammar of sentences, and these have different labels. Both vague language and modal expressions directly involve lexical and pragmatic features as well as grammatical features.Some of the core grammatical features of spoken English (for example, ellipsis) share a grammatical label with similar features of written language. Some of the other features (for example, heads and tails and discourse markers), however, exist on the boundaries of what is conventionally understood as a grammar of sentences, and these have different labels. Both vague language and modal expressions directly involve lexical and pragmatic features as well as grammatical features