History(cont'd) 1995 Venter and Claire Fraser of TIGR and Hamilton Smith of Johns Hopkins publish the first sequence of a free-living organism, Haemophilus influenzae Patrick Brown of Stanford and colleagues publish first paper using a printed glass microarray of complementary DNA(CDNA) probe Researchers at Whitehead and Genethon(led by Lander and Thomas Hudson at Whitehead) publish a physical map of the human genome containing 15,000 markers 1996 NIH funds six groups to attempt large-scale sequencing of the human genome Affymetrix makes Dna chips commercially available An international consortium publicly releases the complete genome sequence of the yeast cerevisiaeHistory (cont’d) – 1995 Venter and Claire Fraser of TIGR and Hamilton Smith of Johns Hopkins publish the first sequence of a free-living organism, Haemophilus influenzae , 1.8 Mb Patrick Brown of Stanford and colleagues publish first paper using a printed glass microarray of complementary DNA (cDNA) probe Researchers at Whitehead and Généthon (led by Lander and Thomas Hudson at Whitehead) publish a physical map of the human genome containing 15,000 markers – 1996 NIH funds six groups to attempt large-scale sequencing of the human genome. Affymetrix makes DNA chips commercially available. An international consortium publicly releases the complete genome sequence of the yeast S. cerevisiae