M esd PSo Conceptual Development E50. 7 Phase‖ each particle knows the position of the best particle in the current swarm,Pi=[xi yi]. This is the particle with the lowest fitness value f (closest to the roost) if Vxl=vxl -co rand global best ifxk<xg∴改xk+1=xk+C2rnd in the simulation, when c and c, are set high, the flock is sucked swirls around the cornfield and slowly approach it, the flock violently into the cornfield; whereas if they are set low, the flock The simulation with the known cornfield position appeared real and raised the question of how do birds find"optimal food sources in reality without knowing the"cornfield "location Example 1: scientists proved that parks in affluent neighborhoods attract more birds than parks in poor neighborhoods Example 2: put a bird feeder in your balcony and see what happens in few hours ⊙ Rania hassan3/2004 Engineering Systems Division -Massachusetts Institute of Technology14 © Rania Hassan 3/2004 Engineering Systems Division - Massachusetts Institute of Technology PSO Conceptual Development PSO Conceptual Development • Phase II: • each particle knows the position of the best particle in the current swarm, . This is the particle with the lowest fitness value, (closest to the roost). • in the simulation, when and are set high, the flock is sucked violently into the cornfield; whereas if they are set low, the flock swirls around the cornfield and slowly approach it. – The simulation with the known cornfield position appeared real and raised the question of how do birds find “optimal” food sources in reality without knowing the “cornfield” location? • Example 1: scientists proved that parks in affluent neighborhoods attract more birds than parks in poor neighborhoods. • Example 2: put a bird feeder in your balcony and see what happens in few hours. global best g kf > @ gk gk gk p = x y x x Vx Vx c rand x x Vx Vx c rand i k i k g k i k i k i k g k i k LI LI     < ∴ = + > ∴ = − + + c c