CONTENTS 11 Perspectives and Hypotheses 397 HART AS INTERMEDIARY 397 CHINAS DOMESTIC TRANSFORMATION 399 THE PROVENANCE OF REFORM PROPOSALS 402 HARTS INFLUENCE-THE ALCOCK CONVENTION Illustrations OF1869 405 THE CUSTOMS AND IMPERIALISM 411 Appendixes 413 A:FOREIGNERS'POSITIONS IN THE IMPERIAL MARITIME CUSTOMS 413 MAPS B:LETTERS FROM HART TO E.C.BOWRA 415 1.Partial Plan of Shanghai,1855 24 C:LETTERS FROM HART TO HESTER JANE BREDON 2.Area of Li Hung-chang's and Gordon's Operations, 419 1863-1864 35 Notes 431 3.Plan of Peking 102-103 Bibliography 114 533 4.Eventual Growth of the Treaty Port System 5.Routes from Tientsin to Peking,1860s 192-193 Glossary/Index 547 6.Cities Visisted by Hart during His Tour of the Treaty Port3,1864-1865 201 TABLES 1.Ch'ing Personnel in Office,1863-1864 104 2.Form for Reporting Quarterly Returns 204 3.Foreigners'Positions in the Maritime Customs (Appendix A) 415 PHOTOGRAPHS Rooftops of Foochow front endpapers Russell Company 10 Li Hung-chang 37 The Russell Company Steamship Huquong 65 Wen-hsiang 106 General Gordon in Chinese Dress 189 A Peking Cart 193 Wellington Street,Hong Kong 209 The Front Gate of the City Walls of the Tartar City of Peking 269 A Peking hu-t'ung 272 Prince Kung,Peking,4 November 1860 276 The Pin-ch'un Mission at Stockholm,1866 358 Hester Jane Hart,Lady Hart,and Robert Hart 362 vi进i