Topic-Planning Research Concepts That Are Clarified in the Different Sections of a Research Report. Introduction .What is the general topic of the research article? .What do we know about this topic from previous research? .What are the authors trying to demonstrate in their own research? .What are their hypotheses? Methods Participants--Who took part in the research .How many people(or animals)were studied? .If there were nonhuman animals,what kind were they? .If there were people,what were their characteristics(e.g.,average and range of age,gender,race or ethnicity,were they volunteers or were they paid)? Apparatus and Materials-Whatdid the researchers need to carry out their study? .What kind of stimuli,questions,etc.were used? .How many different kinds of activities did participants complete? .What instrumentation was used to present material to participants and to record their responses? Procedure-What did the people actually do during the research session? .After the participants arrived what did they do? .What did the experimenters do as they interacted with participants? Results .What were patterns of behaviors among participants? .Did behaviors differ when different groups were compared? .What type of behaviors are predictable in the different testing conditions? .What were the results of any statistical tests? Discussion .What do the results mean? .What explanations can you develop for why the participants responded as they did? .What psychological processes help you explain participants'responses? .What questions have not been answered fully? .How do your results relate to the research cited in the introduction? .How do your results relate to other kinds of research? .What new ideas emerge that you could evaluate in a subsequent experiment? Reference What research was cited in the research report(e.g.,work published in journals or other written sources,research presentations,in online sources)?Topic - Planning Research Concepts That Are Clarified in the Different Sections of a Research Report. Introduction •What is the general topic of the research article? •What do we know about this topic from previous research? •What are the authors trying to demonstrate in their own research? •What are their hypotheses? Methods Participants--Who took part in the research •How many people (or animals) were studied? •If there were nonhuman animals, what kind were they? •If there were people, what were their characteristics (e.g., average and range of age, gender, race or ethnicity, were they volunteers or were they paid)? Apparatus and Materials–Whatdid the researchers need to carry out their study? •What kind of stimuli, questions, etc. were used? •How many different kinds of activities did participants complete? •What instrumentation was used to present material to participants and to record their responses? Procedure–What did the people actually do during the research session? •After the participants arrived what did they do? •What did the experimenters do as they interacted with participants? Results •What were patterns of behaviors among participants? •Did behaviors differ when different groups were compared? •What type of behaviors are predictable in the different testing conditions? •What were the results of any statistical tests? Discussion •What do the results mean? •What explanations can you develop for why the participants responded as they did? •What psychological processes help you explain participants’ responses? •What questions have not been answered fully? •How do your results relate to the research cited in the introduction? •How do your results relate to other kinds of research? •What new ideas emerge that you could evaluate in a subsequent experiment? Reference • What research was cited in the research report (e.g., work published in journals or other written sources, research presentations, in online sources)?