-But how can the british government pay for all these? The money for social welfare mainly comes from three sources 1. The System of National Insuran Everybody, who is working, either for himself or for an employer, is obliged to contribute a fixed amount each week to the national insurance fund. The contribution id deducted(take away fu A) from salary by the employer. generally, the employer holds a card for each of his employees. On this card, he has to stick National Insurance Stamps bought from the Post Office. Usually, the employer has to pay some noney for his employees, because the stamps actually cost more than the amount paid by the employees. Self-employed persons should also buy their stamps 2. Income tax Besides the deductions for National Insurance, many people also have to pay income tax. The amount for payment varies according to salary and domestic circumstances. The income tax is a tax on high salaries. The higher your salary is the heavier the taxation. But if you have a wife and children, you may pay less. The taxation on really high salaries is extremely heavy, a rich business man earning f10, 000 a year ahs to pay about f5,000 to the government in tax. If you earn f30, 000, you should have to pay about f23, 000. That' s to say, you can only have f7,000fo self The ad vantage of income tax is that money is obtained from the rich people. Yet it also discourages people from working hard or developing their bus iness. Some people say that income tax can be regarded as a tax on hard work The above two kinds of contributions and taxes are levied by the central government. Local authorities also levy a tax. That is Local rates 3. Local rates Local rates refer to the payment to the local authorities by the occupiers of land or build ings in the local authority area. Or they are taxes on property, land, buildings paid to local authorities(地方征收之财产税) The occupier is not necessarily the owner Thats to say if you hire a house, you will not pay for the rates. But if another person hires your house, he would not pay but you pay. The finer the house the higher the rates The 1970s were a decade of problems in the UK. The economy did badly, with high inflation and low growth. Because of the policy of nationalization of private enterprises of the labor Party, big private companies started to go bankrupt, and the nationalized industries were seen as inefficient(P. 48 the last paragraph)There were widespread strikes. Some American economists argued that Britains sickness stemmed from excessive"socialism"and its from-cradle-to-grave welfare program Their argument was based on the fact that Britain nationalized some one-fourth of10 ---But how can the British government pay for all these? The money for social welfare mainly comes from three sources: 1. The System of National Insurance Everybody, who is working, either for himself or for an employer, is obliged to contribute a fixed amount each week to the National Insurance fund. The contribution id deducted (take away 扣除) from salary by the employer. Generally, the employer holds a card for each of his employees. On this card, he has to stick National Insurance Stamps bought from the Post Office. Usually, the employer has to pay some money for his employees, because the stamps actually cost more than the amount paid by the employees. Self-employed persons should also buy their stamps. 2. Income Tax Besides the deductions for National Insurance, many people also have to pay income tax. The amount for payment varies according to salary and domestic circumstances. The income tax is a tax on high salaries. The higher your salary is the heavier the taxation. But if you have a wife and children, you may pay less. The taxation on really high salaries is extremely heavy, a rich business man earning ￡10,000 a year ahs to pay about ￡5,000 to the government in tax. If you earn ￡30,000, you should have to pay about ￡23,000. That’s to say, you can only have ￡7,000 for yourself. The advantage of income tax is that money is obtained from the rich people. Yet, it also discourages people from working hard or developing their business. Some people say that income tax can be regarded as a tax on hard work. The above two kinds of contributions and taxes are levied by the central government. Local authorities also levy a tax. That is Local rates. 3. Local Rates Local rates refer to the payment to the local authorities by the occupiers of land or buildings in the local authority area. Or they are taxes on property, land, buildings paid to local authorities (地方征收之财产税). The occupier is not necessarily the owner. That’s to say if you hire a house, you will not pay for the rates. But if another person hires your house, he would not pay but you pay. The finer the house the higher the rates. The 1970s were a decade of problems in the UK. The economy did badly, with high inflation and low growth. Because of the policy of nationalization of private enterprises of the Labor Party, big private companies started to go bankrupt, and the nationalized industries were seen as inefficient. (P. 48 the last paragraph) There were widespread strikes. Some American economists argued that Britain’s sickness stemmed from excessive “socialism” and its from-cradle-to-grave welfare program. Their argument was based on the fact that Britain nationalized some one-fourth of