(三)体液的交换( Exchange of body fluids) 1.血浆和细胞间体液的交换平衡 Hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure are the forces that determine transport of fluid in and out of capillaries 2.细胞内外液体的交换平衡 Exchange of fluid between the cytoplasm and the interstitial space is driven by osmotic gradients 3.体内外液体(钠、水)的交换平衡 By the hypothalamic thirst mechanism, by alterations GFR, and by several hormones (1)渴感( Thirst) 血清钠浓度↑渴中枢(+)- hirst 有效循环血量↓、AGT↑ Water intake↑ECF↑（三）体液的交换（Exchange of body fluids） 1．血浆和细胞间体液的交换平衡 Hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure are the forces that determine transport of fluid in and out of capillaries. （1）渴感(Thirst) 血清钠浓度↑ 口渴中枢（+） Thirst 有效循环血量↓、AGTII ↑ Water intake↑ ECF↑ 3．体内外液体（钠、水）的交换平衡 By the hypothalamic thirst mechanism, by alterations GFR, and by several hormones. 2．细胞内外液体的交换平衡 Exchange of fluid between the cytoplasm and the interstitial space is driven by osmotic gradients