Bacteria That Cause Gastroenteritis Signs symptoms Pathogenesis Clinical Features Staphylococcus aureus Nausea and Enterotoxin acts Very common, abrupt onset, intense vomiting on receptors for up to 24 hours, regular recovery in 24-48 in the gut that hours. Occurs in persons eating the same food transmit impulse No treatment usually necessary except to to medullary restore fluids and electrolytes ters that control Bacillus cereus Vomiting or Enterotoxin formed in Witn incubation period of 2-8 hours, mainly diarrhea food or in gut from vomiting With incubation period of 8-16 growth of B cereus. hours, mainly diarrhea Clostridium perfringens Watery Enterotoxin produced Abrupt onset of profuse diarrhea: vomiting during sporulation occasionally Recovery usual without treatment in gut, causes in 1-4 days. Many clostridia in cultures of faod d feces of patients Clostridium botulinum Paralysis Toxin absorbed Diplopia, dysphagia, dysphonia, difficulty from gut blocks eathing Treatment requires ventilatory acetylcholine at support and antitoxin Diagnosis confirmed by neuromuscular finding toxin in blood or stool Junction DIAGNOSTICS 1)Staphylococcus aureus Gram stain-(+), in clusters; Culture- beta-hemolytic, golden yellow pigment 2)Bacillus cereus Culture specimen from suspected food source 3)Clostridium perfringens: Culture( anaerobic ) Gram stain-(+) 4)Clostridium botulinum Culture(anaerobic ) Gram stain -(+)Bacteria That Cause Gastroenteritis DIAGNOSTICS : Staphylococcus aureus : Bacillus cereus : Clostridium perfringens : Clostridium botulinum : 1) Gram stain – (+), in clusters ; Culture- beta-hemolytic, golden yellow pigment 2) Culture specimen from suspected food source 3) Culture ( anaerobic ) , Gram stain – (+) 4) Culture (anaerobic ) , Gram stain – (+)