d differences in penetrance and/or expressivity among carriers of the same disease-causing mutation often obscures the pattern of inheritance of single gene(Mendelian)disorders E Differences in penetrance and expressivity among carriers of the same disease-causing mutation can be caused by "environmental factors(e.g, diet, etc. )as well as genetic factors (e.g, disease-modify ing genes, etc.) 14. Which of the following is an incorrect matching between the named family relationship and the percentage of shared (autosomal)DNA? a brother and sister: 50% B first-cousins: 25% C father and daughter: 50% D grandmother and grandson: 25% E great-grandfather and great-grandson: 12.5% 15. Which of the following diseases has not been proposed to be caused by mutations under positive selection due to"heterozygote advantage for resistance to an infectious disease? sickle-cell anemia B thalassemia C cystic fibrosis D neurofibromatosis E glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency 16. Which of the following genetic diseases in not caused by expansion of a triplet repeat? A Huntingtons disease B Alzheimer's disease C fragile x disease D Myotonic dystrophy E Friedreich ataxia 17. Which of the following statements is false? a Relative risk for family members is defined as ratio of: i)the prevalence of a disease among family members who share the same percentage of DNA with a proband to ii the prevalence of the disease in the general population B The relative risk for developing schizophrenia among relatives decreases with decreasing percentage of shared DNA with a proband with schizophrenia. C Shared environments among relatives is a confounding factor in analyses aimed at quantifying genetic contributions to this disorder D The relative liability of developing schizophrenia can be modeled as a quantitative trait that is normally distributed in the population and among sets of family members who share the degree of relatedness to a proband with schizophren E The chance of a person developing schizophrenia depends only upon types of genes the person has inherited from his/her parents 18. Which of the following statements is false? A Haplotypes are ordered sequences of genoty pes B Haploty pes are ordered sequences of alleles C There are fewer haplotypes in human populations than the theoretical maximumD differences in penetrance and/or expressivity among carriers of the same disease-causing mutation often obscures the pattern of inheritance of single gene (Mendelian) disorders. E Differences in penetrance and expressivity among carriers of the same disease-causing mutation can be caused by “environmental” factors (e.g., diet, etc.) as well as genetic factors (e.g., disease-modifying genes, etc.) 14. Which of the following is an incorrect matching between the named family relationship and the percentage of shared (autosomal) DNA? A brother and sister: 50% B first-cousins: 25% C father and daughter: 50% D grandmother and grandson: 25% E great-grandfather and great-grandson: 12.5% 15. Which of the following diseases has not been proposed to be caused by mutations under positive selection due to “heterozygote advantage” for resistance to an infectious disease? A sickle-cell anemia B thalassemia C cystic fibrosis D neurofibromatosis E glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency 16. Which of the following genetic diseases in not caused by expansion of a triplet repeat? A Huntington’s disease B Alzheimer’s disease C Fragile X disease D Myotonic dystrophy E Friedreich ataxia 17. Which of the following statements is false? A Relative risk for family members is defined as ratio of: i) the prevalence of a disease among family members who share the same percentage of DNA with a proband to ii) the prevalence of the disease in the general population. B The relative risk for developing schizophrenia among relatives decreases with decreasing percentage of shared DNA with a proband with schizophrenia. C Shared environments among relatives is a confounding factor in analyses aimed at quantifying genetic contributions to this disorder. D The relative liability of developing schizophrenia can be modeled as a quantitative trait that is normally distributed in the population and among sets of family members who share the same degree of relatedness to a proband with schizophrenia. E The chance of a person developing schizophrenia depends only upon types of genes the person has inherited from his/her parents. 18. Which of the following statements is false? A Haplotypes are ordered sequences of genotypes B Haplotypes are ordered sequences of alleles. C There are fewer haplotypes in human populations than the theoretical maximum