When a manager has a secure position from which he or she cannot be readily removed. When a manager is protected by someone higher in the corporate structure in cases of nepotism. When funding and/or managerial status for a project is independent of the project's success.◼ When a manager has a secure position from which he or she cannot be readily removed. ◼ When a manager is protected by someone higher in the corporate structure in cases of nepotism. ◼ When funding and/or managerial status for a project is independent of the project's success