Metals are solids which require extra discussion to Superductibility of Nanoscaled Copper xplain their special properties on(as-dep High electrical conductivity aHigh heat conductivity E=200 stive ons from - A metallic solid free range"electrons Electron doud belong to any one mets in Metallic Crystals Held Together by Metallic Bonds Free Electron gas model A gas of negatively charged free a Drude and Lorentz: The valence electrons lectrons holds metal ions metals are loosely bound to their atoms and of particles that may war through the crystal and conduct electricity Some Properties: Q Many properties of metals can be understood aWeaker than covalent or ionic oooQ by treating electrons in metals as free. electron gas sElectrical and therma Metallic Sea of electrons Hall Effect lIf an electrie current flows through a conductor in a magnetic he side of the of the conductor ill balance th ◆ High electrical hitage between the twosnes of the conductor. The preser conductivity his measurable transverse voltage is called the hall effect I who discovered it in 1879 ● High thermal activity Valence electrons are not bonded to any particular festivity sible light atom and are free to move higl about in the solid Ind do, malleability t=611 Superductibility of Nanoscaled Copper A metallic solid “free range”electrons Metals are solids which require extra discussion to explain their special properties: Ductility Shiny surface High electrical conductivity High heat conductivity Metallic Crystals – Held Together by Metallic Bonds A gas of negatively charged free electrons holds metal ions together. Some Properties: Weaker than covalent or ionic crystals. High melting points. Electrical and thermal conductors. Free Electron Gas Model Drude and Lorentz: The valence electrons in metals are loosely bound to their atoms and form a gas of particles that may wander through the crystal and conduct electricity. Many properties of metals can be understood by treating electrons in metals as free￾electron gas. Metallic Sea of Electrons High electrical conductivity High thermal conductivity High reflectivity of visible light High malleability and ductility + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Valence electrons are not bonded to any particular atom and are free to move about in the solid. Hall Effect If an electric current flows through a conductor in a magnetic field, the magnetic field exerts a transverse force on the moving charge carriers which tends to push them to one side of the conductor. This is most evident in a thin flat conductor as illustrated. A buildup of charge at the sides of the conductors will balance this magnetic influence, producing a measurable voltage between the two sides of the conductor. The presence of this measurable transverse voltage is called the Hall effect after E. H. Hall who discovered it in 1879