Mode confusion General term for a class of situation awareness errors High tech automation changing cognitive demands on operators Supervising rather than directly controlling More cognitively complex decision making Complicated, mode-rich systems Increased need for cooperation and communication Human-factors experts complaining about technology-centered automation Designers focus on technical issues, not on supporting operator tasks Leads to"clumsy"automation Errors are changing, e.g. errors of omission Vs. commission eveson Mode Confusion(2) Early automated systems had fairly small number of modes Provided passive background on which operator would act by entering target data and requesting system operations Also had only one overall mode setting for each function performed Indications of currently active mode and of transitions between modes could be dedicated to one location on display Consequences of breakdown in mode awareness fairly small Operators seemed able to detect and recover from erroneous actions relatively quicklyc ��������������������� ����� Mode Confusion General term for a class of situation−awareness errors High tech automation changing cognitive demands on operators Supervising rather than directly controlling More cognitively complex decision making Complicated, mode−rich systems Increased need for cooperation and communication Human−factors experts complaining about technology−centered automation Designers focus on technical issues, not on supporting operator tasks Leads to "clumsy" automation Errors are changing, e.g. errors of omission vs. commission ��������������������� ����� Mode Confusion (2) Early automated systems had fairly small number of modes. Provided passive background on which operator would act by entering target data and requesting system operations. Also had only one overall mode setting for each function performed. Indications of currently active mode and of transitions between modes could be dedicated to one location on display. Consequences of breakdown in mode awareness fairly small. Operators seemed able to detect and recover from erroneous c actions relatively quickly