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第5期 王国刚等:空泡溃灭过程中力学损伤行为 ·485 空泡溃灭作用于金属表面的冲量随距离的变化,从 明:空泡在溃灭的过程中对材料表面产生了巨大的 图中可以看出,作用于金属表面的冲量随距离的变 冲击力;在空泡距金属表面距离很近时,空泡溃灭只 化与压力随距离的变化规律不同.,L=2mm时,冲 有一次冲击作用,其冲击力可高达十几MPa,此时 量出现一个低谷,这是因为L=1mm时,空泡距金 它是冲量的主要来源;空泡距金属壁面的距离再远 属壁面的距离非常近,此时空泡溃灭产生的脉冲压 一些时,空泡出现了二次溃灭过程,促使冲量值在第 力非常大,虽然压力作用于金属壁面的时间很短,但 一次溃灭的基础上继续增大,加大了对材料表面的 总冲量仍然很大;L=2mm时,空泡溃灭的压力相 破坏程度;空泡第一次溃灭产生的压力高于第二次 对减弱,而且空泡只有一次溃灭过程,即作用于金属 渍灭产生的压力,由于空泡溃灭的特点,它所产生 表面的冲量是空泡一次溃灭所产生的;而L=3mm 的冲击压与冲量随距离金属表面的变化而呈现规律 时,作用于金属表面的冲量是空泡一次溃灭和二次 不一致 溃灭的总和,因此L=3mm时作用于金属表面的冲 量要高于L=2mm时的冲量,L=2mm时的Fa与 参考文献 L=3mm时的F1近似相等;L>3mm时,随空泡 [1]Wargan W B.Cavitation effects on marine devices//ASME-Fluids Eng 8 Applied Mechanics Conference.Evanston.1969:195 距金属表面距离的增加,作用于金属表面的冲量下 [2]黄继汤,空化与空蚀的原理及应用.,北京:清华大学出版社, 降 1991 [3]Hercamp.Richard D.Overview of cavitation corrosion of diesel 80 -700V,止-0.5mm 14 eylinder liners.ASTM Spec Tech Publ.1993(1192):107 0 [4]Brennen C E.Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics.New York:Ox- 014 10 ford University Press.1995 [5]Naude C F,Ellis AT.On the mechanism of cavitation damage by nonhemispherical cavities in contact with a solid boundary 30 ASME J Basic Eng.1961.83:648 6 [6]Shima A.Takayama K,Tomita Y,et al.Mechanism of impact pressure generation from spark generated bubble collapse near a L/mm wa.AIAA J,1983,21(1):55 [7]Kimoto H.An experimental evaluation of the effects of a water 图4空泡溃灭压力峰值和冲量在空泡与金属表面距离不同时 microjet and a shock wave by a local pressure sensor.Int ASME 的变化状况 Symp Cavitation Res Facilities Tech.1987.57:217 Fig.4 Changes of impulse and pressure related to various distances [8]朱名武.动压测量.北京:国防工业出版社,1983 between the bubble and solid surface [9]孙冬柏,张秀丽,俞宏英,等.空蚀过程中电化学电位变化规律 研究.中国腐蚀与防护学报,2000,30(12):308 [10]Konno A.Kato H.Yamaguchi H.et al.On the collapsing be- 3 结论 havior of cavitation bubble clusters.ME Int J Ser B.2002. 45(3):631 通过加装的传感系统对空泡溃灭过程研究表 Dynamic impact behavior during bubble collapsing WANG Guogang),SUN Dongbai),ZHANG Xiuli2),YU Hongying,FAN Zishuan),MENG Huimin) 1)Materials Science and Engineering School.University of Science and Technology Beijing.Beijing 100083.China 2)North China Electric Power Science Institute Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100045.China ABSTRACI A new designed piezoelectricity sensor system was equipped to detect the impact pressure of col- lapsing cavitation bubbles induced by a spark generated system for understanding the dy namic of collapsing bub- bles on metal surface.The bubble collapsing process was described and analyzed,and the second bubble collapse theory was verified.The dynamic energy of the two stages of bubble collapse was given.More important,the impact pressure and the impulse were determined and calculated at different distances between the collapsing bubble and the metal surface,and the two characteristics were compared. KEY WORDS cavitation:bubble collapse;material damage:piezoelectric sense;cavitation erosion mechanism空泡溃灭作用于金属表面的冲量随距离的变化.从 图中可以看出‚作用于金属表面的冲量随距离的变 化与压力随距离的变化规律不同.L =2mm 时‚冲 量出现一个低谷.这是因为 L=1mm 时‚空泡距金 属壁面的距离非常近‚此时空泡溃灭产生的脉冲压 力非常大‚虽然压力作用于金属壁面的时间很短‚但 总冲量仍然很大;L =2mm 时‚空泡溃灭的压力相 对减弱‚而且空泡只有一次溃灭过程‚即作用于金属 表面的冲量是空泡一次溃灭所产生的;而 L =3mm 时‚作用于金属表面的冲量是空泡一次溃灭和二次 溃灭的总和‚因此 L=3mm 时作用于金属表面的冲 量要高于 L=2mm 时的冲量‚L=2mm 时的 Ft1与 L=3mm 时的 Ft1近似相等;L >3mm 时‚随空泡 距金属表面距离的增加‚作用于金属表面的冲量下 降. 图4 空泡溃灭压力峰值和冲量在空泡与金属表面距离不同时 的变化状况 Fig.4 Changes of impulse and pressure related to various distances between the bubble and solid surface 3 结论 通过加装的传感系统对空泡溃灭过程研究表 明:空泡在溃灭的过程中对材料表面产生了巨大的 冲击力;在空泡距金属表面距离很近时‚空泡溃灭只 有一次冲击作用‚其冲击力可高达十几 MPa‚此时 它是冲量的主要来源;空泡距金属壁面的距离再远 一些时‚空泡出现了二次溃灭过程‚促使冲量值在第 一次溃灭的基础上继续增大‚加大了对材料表面的 破坏程度;空泡第一次溃灭产生的压力高于第二次 溃灭产生的压力.由于空泡溃灭的特点‚它所产生 的冲击压与冲量随距离金属表面的变化而呈现规律 不一致. 参 考 文 献 [1] Wargan W B.Cavitation effects on marine devices∥ASME-Fluids Eng & Applied Mechanics Conference.Evanston‚1969:195 [2] 黄继汤.空化与空蚀的原理及应用.北京:清华大学出版社‚ 1991 [3] Hercamp‚Richard D.Overview of cavitation corrosion of diesel cylinder liners.ASTM Spec Tech Publ‚1993(1192):107 [4] Brennen C E.Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics.New York:Ox￾ford University Press‚1995 [5] Naude C F‚Ellis A T.On the mechanism of cavitation damage by non-hemispherical cavities in contact with a solid boundary. ASME J Basic Eng‚1961‚83:648 [6] Shima A‚Takayama K‚Tomita Y‚et al.Mechanism of impact pressure generation from spark-generated bubble collapse near a wall.AIAA J‚1983‚21(1):55 [7] Kimoto H.An experimental evaluation of the effects of a water microjet and a shock wave by a local pressure sensor.Int ASME Symp Cavitation Res Facilities Tech‚1987‚57:217 [8] 朱名武.动压测量.北京:国防工业出版社‚1983 [9] 孙冬柏‚张秀丽‚俞宏英‚等.空蚀过程中电化学电位变化规律 研究.中国腐蚀与防护学报‚2000‚30(12):308 [10] Konno A‚Kato H‚Yamaguchi H‚et al.On the collapsing be￾havior of cavitation bubble clusters.JSME Int J Ser B‚2002‚ 45(3):631 Dynamic impact behavior during bubble collapsing WA NG Guogang 1)‚ SUN Dongbai 1)‚ ZHA NG Xiuli 2)‚ Y U Hongying 1)‚ FA N Zishuan 1)‚ MENG Huimin 1) 1) Materials Science and Engineering School‚University of Science and Technology Beijing‚Beijing100083‚China 2) North China Electric Power Science Institute Co.Ltd.‚Beijing100045‚China ABSTRACT A new designed piezoelectricity sensor system was equipped to detect the impact pressure of col￾lapsing cavitation bubbles induced by a spark-generated system for understanding the dynamic of collapsing bub￾bles on metal surface.The bubble collapsing process was described and analyzed‚and the second bubble collapse theory was verified.The dynamic energy of the two stages of bubble collapse was given.More important‚the impact pressure and the impulse were determined and calculated at different distances between the collapsing bubble and the metal surface‚and the two characteristics were compared. KEY WORDS cavitation;bubble collapse;material damage;piezoelectric sense;cavitation erosion mechanism 第5期 王国刚等: 空泡溃灭过程中力学损伤行为 ·485·
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