Contents 3 Proposed Approach 3.1 System Setup 3.2 Feature Detection and Trackin 3.3 Robust registration 3.4 Frame Subtraction Experimental Results 32 References Chapter 4 Pattern Classifications in Cognitive Informatics Lidia Ogiela 1 Introduction .39 2 Semantic Analysis Stages 3 Semantic Analysis vs. Cognitive Informatics 4 Example of a Cognitive UBIAS System References Optimal Differential Filter on Hexagonal Lattice. Suguru Saito, Masayuki Nakajiama, Tetsuo Shima 2 Preliminaries 60 3 Least Inconsistent Image .60 4 Point Spread Function 5 Condition for gradient Filter 67 6 Numerical Optimization.. 68 7 Theoretical Evaluation 7. 1 Signal-to-Noise Ratio 8 Experimental Evaluation. 8.1 Construction of Artificial Images 8.2 Detection of Gradient Intensity and Orientation 8.3 Overington's Method of Orientation Detection 8.4 Relationship between Derived Filter and Staunton Filter 8.5 Experiment and Results 81 10 Summary. ReferencesVIII Contents 3 Proposed Approach.................................................................................... 28 3.1 System Setup ..................................................................................... 29 3.2 Feature Detection and Tracking......................................................... 29 3.3 Robust Registration ........................................................................... 31 3.4 Frame Subtraction.............................................................................. 31 4 Experimental Results ................................................................................. 34 5 Conclusions ............................................................................................... 35 References ...................................................................................................... 35 Chapter 4 Pattern Classifications in Cognitive Informatics ............................................ 39 Lidia Ogiela 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 39 2 Semantic Analysis Stages .......................................................................... 40 3 Semantic Analysis vs. Cognitive Informatics ............................................ 43 4 Example of a Cognitive UBIAS System.................................................... 45 5 Conclusions ............................................................................................... 52 References ...................................................................................................... 52 Chapter 5 Optimal Differential Filter on Hexagonal Lattice............................................ 59 Suguru Saito, Masayuki Nakajiama, Tetsuo Shima 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 59 2 Preliminaries.............................................................................................. 60 3 Least Inconsistent Image ........................................................................... 60 4 Point Spread Function................................................................................ 64 5 Condition for Gradient Filter ..................................................................... 67 6 Numerical Optimization ............................................................................ 68 7 Theoretical Evaluation............................................................................... 70 7.1 Signal-to-Noise Ratio ........................................................................ 70 7.2 Localization ....................................................................................... 73 8 Experimental Evaluation............................................................................ 74 8.1 Construction of Artificial Images ...................................................... 74 8.2 Detection of Gradient Intensity and Orientation................................ 76 8.3 Overington's Method of Orientation Detection.................................. 76 8.4 Relationship between Derived Filter and Staunton Filter .................. 78 8.5 Experiment and Results ..................................................................... 80 9 Discussion.................................................................................................. 81 10 Summary.................................................................................................. 83 References ...................................................................................................... 86