Application Programs and User Interfaces Most database users do not use a query language like SQL An application program acts as the intermediary between users and the database Applications split into front-end middle layer backend Front-end:user interface Forms Graphical user interfaces Many interfaces are Web-based Database System Concepts-6th Edition 9.3 @Silberschatz,Korth and SudarshanDatabase System Concepts - 6 9.3 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan th Edition Application Programs and User Interfaces Most database users do not use a query language like SQL An application program acts as the intermediary between users and the database Applications split into  front-end  middle layer  backend Front-end: user interface Forms Graphical user interfaces Many interfaces are Web-based