工程科学学报，第41卷，第6期：719-730,2019年6月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.41,No.6:719-730,June 2019 DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2019.06.003:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn 低矿化度水驱中的微粒运移机理及其开发效果 崔传智”，韦自健区，刘力军”，李晓军2”，庞丽丽》 1)中国石油大学（华东）石油工程学院，青岛2665802)中国石化胜利油田分公司东辛采油厂，东营257061 ☒通信作者，E-mail:781612619@q4.com 摘要低矿化度水驱作为一种经济可行的精细化注水技术，其产生的微粒运移机理能有效地改变储层物性与吸水剖面，进 而达到均衡驱替和提高采收率的效果.本文基于胶体稳定性Derjaguin--Landau--Verwey--Overbeek(DLVO)理论与扩散双电层 理论，从微观角度分析了注入水矿化度、离子价型等因素对黏土微粒受力与运移量的影响，通过最大滞留体积分数方程建立 了微粒运移量与渗透率损伤程度间的关系.针对纵向非均质油藏特高含水期层间干扰严重的问题，开展了特高含水期转注低 矿化度水驱的数值模拟研究.微粒受力分析与数值模拟结果表明，特高含水期转注低矿化度水后，分流量较多的高渗层会产 生大量的黏土微粒水化膨胀、运移与堵塞作用，造成高渗层渗透率明显下降，注入水被更多地分流到水驱程度较小的中、低渗 层，有效地调节了吸水剖面并缓解了层间干扰问题，相比常规海水驱可提高约3%的原油采收率，进而达到提高层间均衡动用 程度与原油采收率的效果. 关键词低矿化度水驱：均衡驱替：DLVO理论：微粒运移：提高采收率 分类号TE341 Mechanism of fines migration in low-salinity waterflooding and its development effect CUl Chuan-zhi",WEI Zi-jian,LIU Li-jun",LI Xiao-jun?,PANG Li-i2 1)School of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum (East China),Qingdao 266580,China 2)Dongxin Oil Production Plant,Shengli Oilfield Company SINOPEC,Dongying 257061,China Corresponding author,E-mail:781612619@qq.com ABSTRACT In recent years,low-salinity waterflooding has become the focus of research in the petroleum industry owing to its enor- mous advantages,including high efficiency in displacing oils,ease of injection into oil-bearing formations,easy access and operation of water,and low investment and pollution,all of which are more cost-effective compared to other enhanced oil recovery methods.Numer- ous experimental studies and field trials of sandstone and carbonate rocks have proven that low-salinity waterflooding can enhance oil re- covery effectively due to various mechanisms,including fines migration and mineral dissolution,increased pH effect and reduced inter- facial tension,multicomponent ion exchange,and double-layer expansion.As an important mechanism of low-salinity waterflooding, fines migration induced by lowering injected water salinity can effectively change reservoir quality and injection profile,thereby achie- ving equilibrium displacement and enhance oil recovery.Several models and mathematical equations that describe particle release and capture have been proposed by many scholars in previous studies,and the maximum retention concentration function of fine particles is considered to be the most effective method for describing fines migration.Based on the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory and electric double-ayer theory of colloid stability,the effect of injected water salinity and ion valence on the clay particle force and particle migration concentration were analyzed from the microcosmic view in this paper,and the relationship between the particle migra- tion concentration and the permeability impairment was established through maximum concentration of attached fine particles.Aiming at the problem of interlayer interference in vertically heterogeneous reservoir,the numerical simulation of low-salinity waterflooding was carried out in high water-eut stage.Force analysis and numerical simulation results show that the high-permeability layer with high in- 收稿日期：201804-15 基金项目：国家科技重大专项资助项目(2016ZX05011002003):山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2017MEB054)工程科学学报，第 41 卷，第 6 期: 719--730，2019 年 6 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering，Vol． 41，No． 6: 719--730，June 2019 DOI: 10． 13374 /j． issn2095--9389． 2019． 06． 003; http: / /journals． ustb． edu． cn 低矿化度水驱中的微粒运移机理及其开发效果 崔传智1) ，韦自健1) ，刘力军1) ，李晓军2) ，庞丽丽2) 1) 中国石油大学( 华东) 石油工程学院，青岛 266580 2) 中国石化胜利油田分公司东辛采油厂，东营 257061 通信作者，E-mail: 781612619@ qq． com 摘 要 低矿化度水驱作为一种经济可行的精细化注水技术，其产生的微粒运移机理能有效地改变储层物性与吸水剖面，进 而达到均衡驱替和提高采收率的效果． 本文基于胶体稳定性 Derjaguin--Landau--Verwey--Overbeek ( DLVO) 理论与扩散双电层 理论，从微观角度分析了注入水矿化度、离子价型等因素对黏土微粒受力与运移量的影响，通过最大滞留体积分数方程建立 了微粒运移量与渗透率损伤程度间的关系． 针对纵向非均质油藏特高含水期层间干扰严重的问题，开展了特高含水期转注低 矿化度水驱的数值模拟研究． 微粒受力分析与数值模拟结果表明，特高含水期转注低矿化度水后，分流量较多的高渗层会产 生大量的黏土微粒水化膨胀、运移与堵塞作用，造成高渗层渗透率明显下降，注入水被更多地分流到水驱程度较小的中、低渗 层，有效地调节了吸水剖面并缓解了层间干扰问题，相比常规海水驱可提高约 3% 的原油采收率，进而达到提高层间均衡动用 程度与原油采收率的效果． 关键词 低矿化度水驱; 均衡驱替; DLVO 理论; 微粒运移; 提高采收率 分类号 TE341 收稿日期: 2018--04--15 基金项目: 国家科技重大专项资助项目( 2016ZX05011-002-003) ; 山东省自然科学基金资助项目( ZＲ2017MEE054) Mechanism of fines migration in low-salinity waterflooding and its development effect CUI Chuan-zhi1) ，WEI Zi-jian1)  ，LIU Li-jun1) ，LI Xiao-jun2) ，PANG Li-li2) 1) School of Petroleum Engineering，China University of Petroleum ( East China) ，Qingdao 266580，China 2) Dongxin Oil Production Plant，Shengli Oilfield Company SINOPEC，Dongying 257061，China Corresponding author，E-mail: 781612619@ qq． com ABSTＲACT In recent years，low-salinity waterflooding has become the focus of research in the petroleum industry owing to its enor￾mous advantages，including high efficiency in displacing oils，ease of injection into oil-bearing formations，easy access and operation of water，and low investment and pollution，all of which are more cost-effective compared to other enhanced oil recovery methods． Numer￾ous experimental studies and field trials of sandstone and carbonate rocks have proven that low-salinity waterflooding can enhance oil re￾covery effectively due to various mechanisms，including fines migration and mineral dissolution，increased pH effect and reduced inter￾facial tension，multicomponent ion exchange，and double-layer expansion． As an important mechanism of low-salinity waterflooding， fines migration induced by lowering injected water salinity can effectively change reservoir quality and injection profile，thereby achie￾ving equilibrium displacement and enhance oil recovery． Several models and mathematical equations that describe particle release and capture have been proposed by many scholars in previous studies，and the maximum retention concentration function of fine particles is considered to be the most effective method for describing fines migration． Based on the Derjaguin--Landau--Verwey--Overbeek theory and electric double-layer theory of colloid stability，the effect of injected water salinity and ion valence on the clay particle force and particle migration concentration were analyzed from the microcosmic view in this paper，and the relationship between the particle migra￾tion concentration and the permeability impairment was established through maximum concentration of attached fine particles． Aiming at the problem of interlayer interference in vertically heterogeneous reservoir，the numerical simulation of low-salinity waterflooding was carried out in high water-cut stage． Force analysis and numerical simulation results show that the high-permeability layer with high in-