Biocatalysts in organic chemical synthesis b .. Hproduct immobilised immobilised substrat product column substrate substrate immobilised substrat ( fluidised) ultrafiltra enzyme Figure 2. 1 Examples of enzyme bioreactor design Bioreactors: a)batch stirred tank; b )continuous stirred tank; c)continuous packed-bed i) downward flow, i)upward flow and ii recycle; d) continuous fluidised-bed; e)continuous ultrafiltration. Redrawn from Katchalski-Katzir E(1993)Trends in Biotechnology 1,471-477. advant Some of the potential advantages of enzyme immobilisation are: · high enzyme loads enzyme can often be regenerated by suitable ment and used again, the ability to recycle products · high flow rates; reduction in cost(energy and labour), energy and waste products easy to scale up to large systems; high yields of pure materials higher substrate concentrations can be usedBiocatalysts in organic chemical synthesis 15 Figure 2.1 Examples of enzyme bioreactor design. Bioreactors: a) batch stirred tank; b) continuous stirred tank; c) continuous packed-bed i) downward flow, ii) upward flow and iii) recycle; d) continuous fluidised-bed; e) continuous ultrafittration. Redrawn from Katchalski - Katzir E. (1993) Trends in Biotechnology I/. 471 -477. Some of the potential advantages of enzyme immobilisation are: 0 high enzyme loads; 0 prolonged enzyme activity; 0 enzyme can often be regenerated by suitable treatment and used again; the ability to recycle products; 0 high flow rates; reduction in cost (energy and labour), energy and waste products; easy to scale up to large systems; high yields of pure materials; higher substrate concentrations can be used. advantages of enzyme irnmobilisation