xiv Contents 11 Coherent Control in Atoms,Molecules and Solids T.Amand,V.Blanchet,B.Girard and X.Marie....................333 1l.1 ntroduction...............333 11.2 Coherent Control in the Frequency Domain........... .....334 11.3 Temporal Coherent Control......................... .....339 11.3.1 Principles of Temporal Coherent Control.................339 11.3.2 Temporal Coherent Control in Solid State Physics.........347 11.4 Coherent Control with Shaped Laser Pulses.....................356 11.4.1 Generation of Chirped or Shaped Laser Pulses .357 11.4.2 Coherent Control with Chirped Laser Pulses..............360 11.4.3 Coherent Control with Shaped Laser Pulses...............365 11.5 Coherent Control in Strong Field....................... .374 11.6 Conclusic0n......… .385 References.......··· ..387 12 Attosecond Pulses E.Constant and E.Mevel............................. ··.395 12.1 Introduction...................…… ··....395 12.2 High-Order Harmonic Generation:A Coherent,Short-Pulse XUV Source................................................396 12.3 Semiclassical Picture of HHG.................................398 12.3.1 Atomic Ionization in the Tunnel Domain .....399 12.3.2 Electronic Motion in an Electric Field....................400 12.3.3 Semiclassical View of HHG.............................402 12.4 High-Order Harmonic Generation as an Attosecond PulseSource................................................405 12.4.1 Emission of an Isolated Attosecond Pulse.................408 12.5 Techniques for Measurement of Attosecond Pulses...............412 12.5.1 Cross Correlation......................................412 12.5.2 Laser Streaking.................414 12.5.3 Autocorrelation.................415 12.5.4 XUV-induced Nonlinear Processes ............. ..416 12.5.5 Splitting,Delay Control and Recombination of Attosecond Pulses.....................................416 12.6 Applications of Attosecond Pulses .............................417 12.7Conclusion..................................................419 References..............419 Index.。 …….423xiv Contents 11 Coherent Control in Atoms, Molecules and Solids T. Amand, V. Blanchet, B. Girard and X. Marie .................... 333 11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 11.2 Coherent Control in the Frequency Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 11.3 Temporal Coherent Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 11.3.1 Principles of Temporal Coherent Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 11.3.2 Temporal Coherent Control in Solid State Physics . . . . . . . . . 347 11.4 Coherent Control with Shaped Laser Pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 11.4.1 Generation of Chirped or Shaped Laser Pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 11.4.2 Coherent Control with Chirped Laser Pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 11.4.3 Coherent Control with Shaped Laser Pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 11.5 Coherent Control in Strong Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 11.6 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 12 Attosecond Pulses E. Constant and E. M´evel ......................................... 395 12.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 12.2 High-Order Harmonic Generation: A Coherent, Short-Pulse XUV Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 12.3 Semiclassical Picture of HHG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 12.3.1 Atomic Ionization in the Tunnel Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 12.3.2 Electronic Motion in an Electric Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 12.3.3 Semiclassical View of HHG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 12.4 High-Order Harmonic Generation as an Attosecond Pulse Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 12.4.1 Emission of an Isolated Attosecond Pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 12.5 Techniques for Measurement of Attosecond Pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 12.5.1 Cross Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 12.5.2 Laser Streaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 12.5.3 Autocorrelation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 12.5.4 XUV-induced Nonlinear Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 12.5.5 Splitting, Delay Control and Recombination of Attosecond Pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 12.6 Applications of Attosecond Pulses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 12.7 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Index .......................................................... 423