Y L Zhang et al. Acta Materialia 54(2006)1289-1295 Acknowledgment 16 Hayakawa M, Oka M. Acta Metall 1989: 37: 2229 We are grateful for the financial support of this work 1N Hu kawa M, Adachi K, Oka M. Acta Metall 1990: 38: 1753. Muddle bc. Hannink rh. mater Sci Forum 1988- 34- from Emerson Electric Corporation, USA [19] Hugo GR, Muddle BC. Mater Sci Forum 1990: 56-58:357. [20] Kriven WM, Fraser WL, Kennedy Sw. In: Heuer AH, Hobbs Lw References ditors. Advances in ceramics. Science and technology of zirconia, ol. 3. Columbus(OH): American Ceramic Society: 1981. p 82. 21] Bailey JE. Proc R Soc London Ser A 1964: 279: 395 [1]Garvie RC, Hannink RH. Nature 1975: 258: 703 [22] Kelly PM, Ball CJ. J Am Ceram Soc 1986: 69: 259 2]Swain MV. Nature 1986: 332: 234 [23] Choudhry MA, Crocker AG. In: Claussen N, M. Heuer Ah 3]Reyes-Morel PE, Chen IW. J Am Ceram Soc 1988: 71: 343 editors. Advances in ceramics. Science and technology of zirconia, 4]Jiang BH, Tu JB, Hsu(Xu Zuyao)TY, Qi X. Mater Res Soc Symp ol. 12. Columbus(OH): American Ceramic 1984.p.46 Proc1992;246:213 [24] Kelly PM, Wauchope C. Key Eng Mater 1998: 153-154: 97 []Zhang YL, Jin x, Hsu (Xu Zuyao)TY, Zhang YF, Shi JL. Mater Sci [25] Shi JL, Lin Zx, Qian WJ, Yen TS J Eur Ceram Soc 1994: 14: 265 Forum2002;394-395:573 [26]Wechsler MS, Lieberman DS, Read TA. Trans Am Inst Min Eng 6 Mecartney ML, Ruhle M. Acta Metall 1989: 37: 1859 953:197:1503 [7] Hannink RH. Porter JR, Marshall DB. J Am Ceram Soc 1986: 69: cl 16. [27]Schubert H J Am Ceram Soc 1986: 69: 270 8Lee RR. Heuer AH. J Am Ceram Soc 1988: 71: 701 [28]Schmauder S, Schubert H J Am Ceram Soc 1986: 69: 534. 9]Lee RR. Heuer AH. J Am Ceram Soc 1988: 71: 694 29]Kaufman L, Cohn M. Prog Met Phys 1958: 165. 10JMarshall DB, James MR. J Am Ceram Soc 1986: 69: 215 30] Wayman CM. Mater Sci Forum 1990: 56-58: 1 I1Marshall DB, Swain MV. J Am Ceram Soc 1989: 72: 1530 [1]Ling HC, Owen wS. Acta Metall 1981: 29: 1721 12]Heuer AH, Ruhle M, Marshall DB. J Am Ceram Soc 1990: 73: 1084. [32]Maki T. In: Proceedings of the Ist Japan international SAMPE [13] Guo ZH, Rong YH, Chen SP, Hsu(Xu Zuyao) TY, Hong JM, Zhao symposium 89.p.22 XN. Mater Trans JIM 1999: 40: 193 33] Hsu(Xu Zuyao) TY. Mater Sci Forum 1990: 56-58: 145 14 Hsu (Xu Zuyao) TY. In: Inoue K, Otsuka K, Chen H, editors. 4] Hsu (Xu Zuyao)TY.J Mater Sci Technol 1994: 10: 107. International conference on displacive phase transformations and [35] Zhang YL, Jin XJ, Hsu (Xu Zuyao) TY. J Eur Ceram Soc eir applications in materials engineering. Warrendale(PA): TMS 2003:23:685 1998.p [6] Zhao Y, Zhang JH, Hsu (Xu Zuyao) TY. J Appl Phys 2000: 88 [15] Hayakawa M, Kuntai N, Oka M. Acta Metall 1989: 37: 2223Acknowledgment We are grateful for the financial support of this work from Emerson Electric Corporation, USA. References [1] Garvie RC, Hannink RH. Nature 1975;258:703. [2] Swain MV. Nature 1986;332:234. [3] Reyes-Morel PE, Chen IW. J Am Ceram Soc 1988;71:343. [4] Jiang BH, Tu JB, Hsu (Xu Zuyao) TY, Qi X. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 1992;246:213. [5] Zhang YL, Jin XJ, Hsu (Xu Zuyao) TY, Zhang YF, Shi JL. Mater Sci Forum 2002;394–395:573. [6] Mecartney ML, Ru¨hle M. Acta Metall 1989;37:1859. [7] Hannink RH, Porter JR, Marshall DB. J Am Ceram Soc 1986;69:c116. [8] Lee RR, Heuer AH. J Am Ceram Soc 1988;71:701. [9] Lee RR, Heuer AH. J Am Ceram Soc 1988;71:694. [10] Marshall DB, James MR. J Am Ceram Soc 1986;69:215. [11] Marshall DB, Swain MV. J Am Ceram Soc 1989;72:1530. [12] Heuer AH, Ruhle M, Marshall DB. J Am Ceram Soc 1990;73:1084. [13] Guo ZH, Rong YH, Chen SP, Hsu (Xu Zuyao) TY, Hong JM, Zhao XN. Mater Trans JIM 1999;40:193. [14] Hsu (Xu Zuyao) TY. In: Inoue K, Otsuka K, Chen H, editors. International conference on displacive phase transformations and their applications in materials engineering. Warrendale (PA): TMS; 1998. p. 119. [15] Hayakawa M, Kuntani N, Oka M. Acta Metall 1989;37:2223. [16] Hayakawa M, Oka M. Acta Metall 1989;37:2229. [17] Hayakawa M, Adachi K, Oka M. Acta Metall 1990;38:1753. [18] Hugo GR, Muddle BC, Hannink RH. Mater Sci Forum 1988;34– 36:165. [19] Hugo GR, Muddle BC. Mater Sci Forum 1990;56–58:357. [20] Kriven WM, Fraser WL, Kennedy SW. In: Heuer AH, Hobbs LW, editors. Advances in ceramics. Science and technology of zirconia, vol. 3. Columbus (OH): American Ceramic Society; 1981. p. 82. [21] Bailey JE. Proc R Soc London Ser A 1964;279:395. [22] Kelly PM, Ball CJ. J Am Ceram Soc 1986;69:259. [23] Choudhry MA, Crocker AG. In: Claussen N, Ruhle M, Heuer AH, editors. Advances in ceramics. Science and technology of zirconia, vol. 12. Columbus (OH): American Ceramic Society; 1984. p. 46. [24] Kelly PM, Wauchope CJ. Key Eng Mater 1998;153–154:97. [25] Shi JL, Lin ZX, Qian WJ, Yen TS. J Eur Ceram Soc 1994;14:265. [26] Wechsler MS, Lieberman DS, Read TA. Trans Am Inst Min Eng 1953;197:1503. [27] Schubert H. J Am Ceram Soc 1986;69:270. [28] Schmauder S, Schubert H. J Am Ceram Soc 1986;69:534. [29] Kaufman L, Cohn M. Prog Met Phys 1958:165. [30] Wayman CM. Mater Sci Forum 1990;56–58:1. [31] Ling HC, Owen WS. Acta Metall 1981;29:1721. [32] Maki T. In: Proceedings of the 1st Japan international SAMPE symposium; 1989. p. 225. [33] Hsu (Xu Zuyao) TY. Mater Sci Forum 1990;56–58:145. [34] Hsu (Xu Zuyao) TY. J Mater Sci Technol 1994;10:107. [35] Zhang YL, Jin XJ, Hsu (Xu Zuyao) TY. J Eur Ceram Soc 2003;23:685. [36] Zhao Y, Zhang JH, Hsu (Xu Zuyao) TY. J Appl Phys 2000;88: 4022. Y.L. Zhang et al. / Acta Materialia 54 (2006) 1289–1295 1295